Statins and liver
Authors:
Jiří Hlušička 1; Mahak Arora 2; Radan Brůha 1; Aleš Žák 1
Authors‘ workplace:
4. interní klinika – klinika gastroenterologie a hepatologie 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
1; Farmakologický ústav 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
2
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2022; 161: 80-83
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Statins are widely accepted hypolipidemics that work by inhibiting hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase and thereby inhibiting cholesterol synthesis. They significantly reduce cardiovascular risk. Their use could be associated with side effects, which are serious only in rare cases. However, an unhealthy lifestyle, obesity, and elevation of blood lipids do not only damage the cardiovascular system. The current topic not only in hepatology is non-alcoholic fatty liver disease – NAFLD. The aim of this article is, among others, to draw attention to the pleiotropic effects of statins, which could be used in the treatment of this disease in the future. Recent studies have suggested that the administration of statins to patients with NAFLD is beneficial.
Keywords:
NAFLD – statins – hepatopathy
Sources
- Go AS, Mozaffarian D, Roger VL et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2013 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2013; 127: e6–e245.
- Stancu C, Sima A. Statins: mechanism of action and effects. J Cell Mol Med 2001; 5: 378–387.
- Ballantyne CM. Clinical lipidology (2nd ed.). Saunders/Elsevier, Philadelphia, 2015.
- Balakumar P, Maung-U K, Jagadeesh G. Prevalence and prevention of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Pharmacol Res 2016; 113: 600–609.
- Athyros VG, Papageorgiou AA, Mercouris BR et al. Treatment with atorvastatin to the National Cholesterol Educational Program goal versus 'usual' care in secondary coronary heart disease prevention. The GREek Atorvastatin and Coronary-heart-disease Evaluation (GREACE) study. Curr Med Res Opin 2002; 18: 220–228.
- Bertolini S, Bon GB, Campbell LM et al. Efficacy and safety of atorvastatin compared to pravastatin in patients with hypercholesterolemia. Atherosclerosis 1997; 130: 191–197.
- Cholesterol Treatment Trialists (CTT) Collaboration, Baigent C, Blackwell L, Emberson J et al. Efficacy and safety of more intensive lowering of LDL cholesterol: a meta-analysis of data from 170 000 participants in 26 randomised trials. Lancet 2010; 376: 1670–1681.
- Žák A. Obezita a dyslipidemie. In: Hainer V. (ed.): Základy klinické obezitologie (3., zcela přepracované vyd.). Grada, Praha, 2021: 74–83.
- Cid-Conde L, López-Castro J. Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Statins. In: Abukabda A, Suciu M, Andor M. (eds.): Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Pathology. IntechOpen, London, 2020: 981.
- Jadhav SB, Girish KJ. Statins and osteoporosis: new role for old drugs. J Pharm Pharmacol 2006; 58: 3–18.
- Sano M, Bell KL, Galasko D et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of simvastatin to treat Alzheimer disease. Neurology 2011; 77: 556–563.
- Mas E, Trevor AM. Coenzyme Q10 and statin myalgia: what is the evidence? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2010; 12: 407–413.
- Siddiqi SA, Paul DT. How do you treat patients with myalgia who take statins? Curr Atheroscler Rep 2009; 11: 9–14.
- Bultas J. Vzájemné srovnání statinů z pohledu farmakologa. Remedia 2013; 23: 143–150.
- Swerdlow DI, Preiss D, Kuchenbaecker KB et al. HMG-coenzyme A reductase inhibition, type 2 diabetes, and bodyweight: evidence from genetic analysis and randomised trials. Lancet 2015; 385: 351–361.
- Červený P. Polékové poškození jater. Praktické lékárenství 2013; 9: 123–126.
- Pfeffer MA, Keech A, Sacks FM et al. Safety and tolerability of pravastatin in long-term clinical trials: prospective Pravastatin Pooling (PPP) Project. Circulation 2002; 105: 2341–2346.
- Kashani A, Phillips CO, Foody JM et al. Risks associated with statin therapy: a systematic overview of randomized clinical trials. Circulation 2006; 114: 2788–2797.
- Para JL, Reddy KR. Hepatotoxicity of hypolipidemic drugs. Clin Liver Dis 2003; 7: 415–433.
- Tolman KG. The liver and lovastatin. Am J Cardiol 2002; 89: 1374–1380.
- Goláň L. Chyby a úskalí terapie statiny. Interní medicína pro praxi 2005; 5: 552–553
- Brůha R, Dvořák K, Fejfar T a kol. Doporučený postup České hepatologické společnosti ČLS JEP pro diagnostiku a léčbu Nealkoholové tukové choroby jater (NAFLD). Gastroenterologie a hepatologie 2020; 74: 103–110.
- Dvořák K, Hainer R, Petrtýl J et al. The prevalence of nonalcoholic liver steatosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Czech Republic. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159: 442–448.
- Zelber-Sagi S, Lotan R, Shlomai A et al. Predictors for incidence and remission of NAFLD in the general population during a seven-year prospective follow-up. J Hepatol 2012; 56: 1145–1151.
- Kavalipati N, Shah J, Ramakrishan A et al. Pleiotropic effects of statins. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19: 554–562.
- Nascimbeni F, Pellegrini E, Lugari S et al. Statins and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in the era of precision medicine: more friends than foes. Atherosclerosis 2019; 284: 66–74.
- Park H-S, Jang JE, Ko MS et al. Statins increase mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid oxidation in the liver and prevent non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mice. Diabetes Metab J 2016; 40: 376–385.
- Schierwagen R, Maybüchen L, Hittatiya K et al. Statins improve NASH via inhibition of RhoA and Ras. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2016; 311: G724–G733.
- Yokohama K, Fukunishi S, Masaaki L et al. Rosuvastatin as a potential preventive drug for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in mice. Int J Mol Med 2016; 38: 1499–1506.
- Ioannou GN, Van Rooyen DM, Savard C et al. Cholesterol-lowering drugs cause dissolution of cholesterol crystals and disperse Kupffer cell crown-like structures during resolution of NASH. J Lipid Res 2015; 56: 277–285.
- Fujiwara N, Friedman SL, Goossens N et al. Risk factors and prevention of hepatocellular carcinoma in the era of precision medicine. J Hepatol 2018; 68: 526–549.
- Doumas M, Imprialos K, Aikaterini Dimakopoulou A et al. The role of statins in the management of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Curr Pharm Des 2018; 24: 4587–4592.
- Athyros GV, Boutari C, Stavropoulos K et al. Statins: an under-appreciated asset for the prevention and the treatment of NAFLD or NASH and the related cardiovascular risk. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2018; 16: 246–253.
- Lee JI, Lee HW, Lee KS et al. Effects of statin use on the development and progression of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a nationwide nested case-control study. Am J Gastroenterol 2021; 116: 116–124.
Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental HygienistArticle was published in
Journal of Czech Physicians
2022 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Liver tests
- Alcohol-related liver disease in medical practice
- Liver elastography
- Diagnostic methods of fatty liver diseases