Calcium, dairy products and weight reduction

1. Davies KM, et al. Calcium intake and body weight. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000; 85(12): 4635–4638.

2. Heaney RP. Normalizing calcium intake: projected population effects for body weight. J Nutr 2003; 133(1): 268S–270S.

3. Hlavatá K, et al. Effect of calcium intake on anthropometric parameters in Czech adolescents. ICO 2014, Kuala Lumpur.

4. Zemel MB, et al. Dairy augmentation of total and central fat loss in obese subjects. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29: 391–397.

5. Zemel MB, et al. Effects of calcium and dairy on body composition and weight loss in African-American adults. Obes Res 2005; 13(7): 1218–1225.

6. Zemel MB, et al. Regulation of adiposity by dietary calcium. FASEB J. 2000; 14(9): 1132–1138.

7. Kabrnová-Hlavatá K, et al. Calcium intake and outcome of short-term weight management. Physiol Res 2008; 57: 237–245.

8. Zemel MB. Mechanisms of dairy modulation of adiposity. J Nutr 2003; 133(1): 252S–256S.

9. Shi H, et al. Effects of dietary calcium on adipocyte lipid metabolism and body weight regulation in energy-restricted aP2-agouti transgenic mice. FASEB J 2001; 15(2): 291–293.

10. Zemel MB. Role of calcium and dairy products in energy partitioning and weight management. Am J Clin Nutr 2004; 79(5): 907S–912S.

11. St-Onge MP, et al. Greater rise in fat oxidation with medium-chain triglyceride consumption relative to long-chain triglyceride is associated with lower initial body weight and greater loss of subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2003; 27(12): 1565–1571.

12. Wang YW, et al. Conjugated linoleic acid and obesity control: efficacy and mechanisms. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28(8): 941–955.

13. Aziz A, et al. The effect of dairy components on food intake and satiety: mechanisms of actions and implications for the development of functional foods. In: Saarela M., Functional Dairy Products, vol. 2. Cambridge, UK, Woodhead Publishing Ltd. 2007.

14. Alfenas RC, et al. Effect of fat sources on satiety. Obes Res 2003; 11: 183–187.

15. Boos CJ, et al. Is hypertension an inflammatory process? Curr Pharm Des 2006; 12(13): 1623–1635.

16. Harris RBS. Dairy protein, calcium and body weight – the need for a mechanism. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29(4): 388–390.

17. Layman DK. The role of leucine in weight loss diets and glucose homeostasis. J Nutr 2003; 133(1): 261S–267S.

18. Moran TH, et al. Intestinal feedback signaling and satiety. Physiol Behav 2011; 105: 77–81.

19. Hall WL, et al. Casein and whey exert different effects on plasma amino acid profiles, gastrointestinal hormone secretion and appetite. Br J Nutr 2003; 89(2): 239–248.

20. Anderson GH, et al. Protein source, quantity, and time of consumption determine the effect of proteins on short-term food intake in young men. J Nutr 2004; 134: 3011–3015.

21. Luhovy BL, et al. Whey proteins in the regulation of food intake and satiety. J Am Coll Nutr 2007; 26(6): 704S–712S.

22. Westerterp-Plantenga MS. The significance of protein in food intake and body weight regulation. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2003; 6(6): 635–638.

23. Westerterp-Plantenga MS, et al. Dietary protein, weight loss, and weight maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr 2009; 29: 21–41.

24. Smedman AE, et al. Pentadecanoic acid in serum as a marker for intake of milk fat: relations between intake of milk fat and metabolic risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 1999; 69(1): 22–29.

25. Mennen LI, et al. Possible protective effect of bread and dairy products on the risk of metabolic syndrome. Nutr Res 2000; 20: 335–347.

26. Wirfalt E, et al. Food patterns and components of the metabolic syndrome in men and women: a cross-sectional study within the Malmo Diet and Cancer cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2001; 154(12): 1150–1159.

27. Kratz M, et al. The relationship between high-fat dairy consumption and obesity, cardiovascular, and metabolic disease. Eur J Nutr 2013; 52 (1): 1–24.

28. Månsson HL. Fatty acids in bovine milk fat. Food Nutr Res 2008; 52:

1821–1828.

29. Hamer HM, et al. Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008; 27(2): 104–119.

30. Gao Z, et al. Butyrate improves insulin sensitivity and increases energy expenditure in mice. Diabetes 2009; 58(7): 1509–1517.

31. Schlüter A, et al. Phytanic acid, a novel activator of uncoupling protein-1 gene transcription and brown adipocyte differentiation. Biochem J 2002; 362(Pt 1): 61–69.

32. Cao H, et al. Identification of a lipokine, a lipid hormone linking adipose tissue to systemic metabolism. Cell 2008; 134(6): 933–944.

33. Gong J, et al. Adipose tissue palmitoleic acid and obesity in humans: does it behave as a lipokine? Am J Clin Nutr 2011; 93(1): 186–191.

34. Mozaffarian D, et al. Trans-Palmitoleic Acid, Metabolic Risk Factors, and New-Onset Diabetes in US Adults. Ann Intern Med 2010; 153 (12): 790–799.

35. Zemel MB. The role of dairy foods in weight management. J Am Coll Nutr. 2005; 24(6 Suppl): 537S–546S.

36. Jones BH, et al. Upregulation of adipocyte metabolism by agouti protein: possible paracrine actions in yellow mouse obesity. Am J Physiol 1996; 270(1 Pt 1): E192–196.

37. Kim JH, et al. The effects of calcium channel blockade on agouti-induced obesity. FASEB J 1996; 10(14): 1646–1652.

38. Zemel MB, et al. Effects of a potent melanocortin agonist on the diabetic/obese phenotype in yellow mice. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1998; 22(7): 678–683.

39. Zemel MB. Nutritional and endocrine modulation of intracellular calcium: implications in obesity, insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 1998; 188(1–2): 129–136.

40. Wong KE, et al. Involvement of the vitamin D receptor in energy metabolism: regulation of uncoupling proteins. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2009; 296(4): E820–828.

41. Sun X, et al. Calcium and dairy products inhibit weight and fat regain during ad libitum consumption following energy restriction in Ap2-agouti transgenic mice. J Nutr 2004; 134(11): 3054–3060.

42. Zemel MB, et al. Calcitriol and energy metabolism. Nutr Rev. 2008; 66(10 Suppl 2): S139–146.

43. Yu X, et al. The effect of dietary calcium on the expression of uncoupling protein 3 gene in skeletal muscle of rat fed with high fat diet. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu. 2003; 32(3): 204–207.

44. Sun X, et al. Role of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) expression and 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in modulating adipocyte apoptosis. FASEB J 2004; 18(12): 1430–1432.

45. Furukawa S, et al. Increased oxidative stress in obesity and its impact on metabolic syndrome. J Clin Invest 2004; 114(12): 1752–1761.

46. Sun X, et al. Dietary calcium regulates ROS production in aP2-agouti transgenic mice on high-fat/high-sucrose diets. Int J Obes (Lond) 2006; 30(9): 1341–1346.

47. Jacobsen R, et al. Effect of short-term high dietary calcium intake on 24-h energy expenditure, fat oxidation, and fecal fat excretion. Int J Obes (Lond) 2005; 29: 292–301.

48. Teegarden D, et al. Can the controversial relationship between dietary calcium and body weight be mechanistically explained by alterations in appetite and food intake? Nutr Rev 2008; 66(10): 601–605.

49. Astrup A, et al. Dairy beverages and energy balance. Physiol Behav 2010; 100(1): 67–75.

50. Barr SI. Increased dairy product or calcium intake: is body weight or composition affected in humans? J Nutr 2003; 133(1): 245S–248S.

51. Yanovski JA, et al. Effects of calcium supplementation on body weight and adiposity in overweight and obese adults: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med 2009; 150(12): 821–829.

52. Barr SI, et al. Effects of increased consumption of fluid milk on energy and nutrient intake, body weight, and cardiovascular risk factors in healthy older adults. J Am Diet Assoc 2000; 100(7): 810–817.