Cushing’s syndrome and acromegaly based on picoadenoma of the pituitary gland

Czech version

Authors: Ivana Ságová ¹; Daniela Kantárová ²; Dušan Pávai ¹; Milan Dragula ²; Anton Vaňuga ^1,3; Peter Vaňuga ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Endokrinologické oddelenie, Národný endokrinologický a diabetologický ústav Ľubochňa ¹; Interná klinika UN a JLFUK, Martin ²; Alphamedical, s. r. o. ³
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2020; 66(2): 82-86
Category: Case Report

Overview

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a relatively rare disease characterized by autonomous hypersecretion of cortisol. The incidence of CS is estimated to be equal to 2–3 cases per million inhabitants per year. The incidence of acromegaly is 3–4 patients per 1 000 000 per year. The disease is caused by hypersecretion of growth hormone which is mainly caused by benign tumour of the pituitary gland. In our case report we present a 41- year old woman suffering from both Cushing’s syndrome and acromegaly. The patient was examined in National Institute of Endocrinology and Diabetology Ľubochňa for a centripetal type of obesity and hirsutism. Laboratory tests revealed high plasma cortisol levels without circulating variation, hypercortisoluria and elevated plasmatic levels of ACTH. A 2 mg dexamethasone blockade was performed without adequate cortisol suppression in serum and urine up to 8 mg blockade resulted in suppression of 24 hour urine free cortisol. A magnetic resonance imaging (MR) scan revealed suspect pikoadenoma of the pituitary gland (size 2mm). Subsequently trans-sphenoidal resection was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations did not reveal the ACTH-producing pituitary adenoma. After surgery hypercortisolism persisted with newly revealed hypersomatotropism. Treatment with Ketoconazole at dose 200mg 1/ 2-0-1 and somatostatin analogues (Lanreotide) at dose 120mg every 42 days were initiated. Control magnetic resonance imaging of the sella demonstrated small tumour of pituary gland of size 3×5mm. Later 3 years after first surgery another trans-sphenoidal resection of residue was performed. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations did not confirm adenoma with ACTH and RH secretion. After second surgery, IGF-1 plasma levels were not normalized with persistence of hypercortisolism. The treatment with Lanreotide at the initial dose as well as Ketoconazole was reinitiated (with increased dose of Ketoconazole to 1-1-1 tbl per 200mg).

Keywords:

acromegaly – cortisol – Cushing’s syndrome – Growth hormone – IGF-1

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