Evolution and evolutionary theory for physicians. VII. Speciation or rise of new biological species
Authors:
F. Koukolík
Authors‘ workplace:
Oddělení patologie a molekulární medicíny, Národní referenční laboratoř prionových chorob, Fakultní Thomayerova nemocnice s poliklinikou, Praha, Primář: MUDr. František Koukolík, DrSc.
Published in:
Prakt. Lék. 2010; 90(7): 391-395
Category:
Editorial
Overview
Speciation is a term that denotes evolutionary processes by which new biological species arise. The concept of “species” is very broad and has a lot of meanings. Speciation is divided into allopatric (dichopatric and peripatric), parapatric and sympatric, as well as common hybrid speciation. The Wallace effect is a mechanism whereby natural selection strengthens reproduction isolation. Current research is focused on the genetic basis of speciation. Four genes have been described whose function forms the basis for hybrid sterility. The rate of speciation is discussed. The theory of punctuated equilibrium is at odds with the theory of phyletic gradualism.
Key words:
evolution, speciation, species concept, reproduction isolation.
Sources
1. Burbano, H.A., Hodges, E., Green R.E. et al. Targeted investigation of the neandertal genome by array-based sequence capture. Science 2010, 328, p. 723-725.
2. Byrne, B., Nichols, R.A. Culex pipiens in London underground tunnels: differentiation between surface and subterranean populations. Heredity 1999, 82, p. 7-15.
3. Eldredge, N., Gould, S.J. Punctuated equilibria: an alternative to phyletic gradualism. In T.J.M. Schopf, ed., Models in Paleobiology. San Francisco: Freeman Cooper 1973. p. 82-115. Reprinted in N. Eldredge Time frames. Princeton: Princeton Univ. Press, 1985.
4. Gould, S.J., Eldredge, N. Punctuated equilibria: the tempo and mode of evolution reconsidered. Paleobiology 1977, 3, p. 115-151.
5. Green, R.E., Krause, J., Briggs, A.W. et al. A draft sequence of the neandertal genome. Science 2010, 328, p. 710-722.
6. Hendry, A.P., Bolnick, D.I., Berner, D. et al. Along the speciation continuum in sticklebacks. J. Fish. Biol. 2009, 75, p. 2000-2036.
7. Gourbiére, S., Mallet, J. Are species real? The shape of the species boundary with exponential failure, reinforcement, and the ‘missing snowball’. Evolution 2010, 64, p. 1–24.
8. Hoffmann, A.A., Rieseberg, L.H. Revisiting the impact od inversion in evolution: from population genetic markers to drivers of adaptive shift and speciation? Annu. Rev. Ecol. Evolv. Syst. 2008, 39, p. 21-42.
9. Koonin, E.V., Wolf, Y.I. Genomics of bacteria and archaea: the emerging generalizations after 13 years. Nucleic. Acid. Res. 2008, 36, p. 6688-6719.
10. Koonin, E.V. Darwinian evolution in the light of genomics. Nucleic. Acid. Res. 2009, 37, p. 1011-1034.
11. Mallett, J. Hybrid speciation. Nature 2007, 446, p. 279-283.
12. Mayr, E. Change of genetic environment and evolution . In J. Huxley, A. C. Hardy and E. B. Ford. Evolution as a Process. London: Allen and Unwin, 1954, p. 157-180.
13. Mayr, E. What evolution is. New York: Basic Books, 2001.
14. Mueller, G.B. Evo-devo as a discipline. In: Evolving pathways: key themes in evolutionary developmental biology. Minelli A, Fusco G. (eds.) Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2008, p. 3-29.
15. Oliver, P.L., Goodstadt, L., Bayes, J.J. et al. Accelerated evolution of the Prdm9 speciation gene across diverse metazoan taxa. PLoS. Genet, 5(12), e1000753. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000753
16. Qvarnström, A., Bailey, R.I. Speciation through evolution of sex-linked genes. Heredity 2009, 102, p. 4-15.
17. Ridley, M. Speciation - What are the major theories of speciation? [on-line]. Dostupné na http://www.blackwellpublishing.com/ridley/tutorials/Speciation6.asp.
18. Salzburger, W. The interaction of sexually and naturally selected traits in the adaptive radiation of cichlid fishes. Mol. Ecol. 2008, 18, p. 169-185.
19. Schluter, D., Conte, G.L. Genetics and ecological speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009, 106, suppl 1, p. 9955-9962.
20. The Tree of Life Web Project (ToL) [on-line]. Dostupný na http://tolweb.org/tree/.
21. Via, S. Natural selection in action during speciation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 2009, 106, Suppl 1, p. 9939-9946.
22. Wilkins, J.S. (2006) A list of 26 species concepts [on-line]. Dostupné na http:// scienceblogs.com/evolvingthoughts/2006/10/a_list_of_26_species_concepts.php.
23. Wolf, J.B.W., Lindell, J., Backström, N. Speciation genetics: current status and evolving approaches. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 2010, 365, p. 1717-1733.
Labels
General practitioner for children and adolescents General practitioner for adultsArticle was published in
General Practitioner
2010 Issue 7
Most read in this issue
- Strabismus surgery in adults – yes or no?
- Liver transplantation in children
- Atrial fibrillation and electrical cardioversion in the outpatient cardiology department
- Asplenic patient – responsibility of all of us