Obesity and inflammatory bowel disease

Czech version

Authors: V. Teplan ^{1 3}; Lukáš M. ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Klinické a výzkumné centrum pro střevní záněty, Klinické centrum ISCARE a. s. a 1. LF UK v Praze ¹; Subkatedra nefrologie, IPVZ, Pra-ha ²; Katedra interních oborů, Interní klinika LF OU a FN Ostrava ³
Published in: Gastroent Hepatol 2021; 75(1): 20-28
Category: IBD: Review Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/ccgh202120

Overview

The incidence and prevalence of overweight and obesity has dramatically increased in the last decades and is generally considered to be global pandemics. The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rising parallel with overweight and obesity. Contrary to a conventional believe, about 15–40% patients with IBD are obese, which can contribute to the development and course of IBD, especially in Crohn’s disease. Although the findings of some cohort studies are still conflicting, recent results indicate a special role of visceral adipose tissue and particularly mesenteric adipose tissue known as creeping fat, leading to intestinal inflammation. The involvement of altered adipocyte function and deregulated production of adipokines such as leptin and adiponectin has been suggested in the pathogenesis of IBD. The emerging role of Western diet and microbiota can also open new possibilities in IBD management. The effect of obesity on the IBD-related therapy remains to be studied. The finding that obesity results in suboptimal response to the therapy, potentially promoting rapid clearance of biologic agents and thus leading to their low concentrations, has a great importance. Obesity also makes IBD colorectal surgery technically challenging and might increase a risk of perioperative complications.

Keywords:

obesity – IBD – visceral fat – Adipokines – colorectal surgery

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