Acute kidney injury in gastroenterology

Czech version

Authors: Petejová N. ^1,2,3; Martínek A. ^1,2; Zadražil J. ³; Teplan V. ^2,4,5
Authors‘ workplace: Interní klinika FN Ostrava ¹; Katedra interních oborů, LF OU, Ostrava ²; III. Interní klinika – nefrologická, revmatologická a endokrinologická, LF UP a FN Olomouc ³; Klinické a výzkumné centrum pro střevní záněty ISCARE a. s., Praha ⁴; Subkatedra nefrologie, Institut postgraduálního vzdělávání ve zdravotnictví, Praha ⁵
Published in: Gastroent Hepatol 2020; 74(4): 339-349
Category:
doi: https://doi.org/10.14735/amgh2020339

Overview

Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common and mostly severe clinical syndrome associated with worsening morbidity and mortality of patients in many fields of medicine, including gastroenterological diseases.

Backgrounds: Many of gastroenterological disorders are associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) or with chronic nephropathies. The pathophysiology of AKI in gastroenterology is mostly multifactorial and the influence of these factors on histopathological findings in renal tissue may be considerable.

Aims: Appropriate AKI diagnosis and disease severity with possibility of decrease progression of AKI to chronic nephropathy. Necessary is also an adequate therapy of primary gastroenterological disease.

Conclusion: Early diagnosis of secondary AKI and initiation of adequate preventive and therapeutic measures can improve patient‘s outcome and decrease a progression to chronic nephropathy.

Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that the article/manuscript complies with ethical standards, patient anonymity has been respected, and they state that they have no financial, advisory or other commercial interests in relation to the subject matter.

Publication Ethics: This article/manuscript has not been published or is currently being submitted for another review. The authors agree to publish their name and e-mail in the published article/ manuscript.

Dedication: The article/manuscript is not supported by a grant nor has it been created with the support of any company.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE „uniform requirements“ for bio medical papers.

Keywords:

glomerulonephritis – tubulointerstitial nephritis – acute kidney injury – oxalate nephropathy

Sources

1. Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P et al. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for acute kidney injury. Kidney Inter Suppl 2012; 2 (1): 1–138. doi: 10.1038/kisup.2012.2.

2. Chawla LS, Bellomo R, Bihorac A et al. Acute kidney disease and renal recovery: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 16 Workgroup. Nat Rev Nephrol 2017; 13 (4): 241–257. doi: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.2.

3. Guney I, Burgucu HC, Ergul F et al. A rare case of acute kidney injury: McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. Iran J Kidney Dis 2019; 13 (2): 132–133.

4. Silva M, Cardoso H, Gomes S et al. Severe acute kidney injury as a complication of collagenous colitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2016; 31 (6): 1247–1248. doi: 10.1007/s00384-015-2449-6.

5. O’Connor ME, Prowle JR. Fluid overload. Crit Care Clin 2015; 31 (4): 803–821. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc. 2015.06.013.

6. Schuck O. Poruchy metabolismu vody a elektrolytů v klinické praxi. 1. vyd. Praha: Grada Publishing 2000: 222.

7. Eltzschig HK, Eckle T. Ischemia and reperfusion from mechanism to translation. Nat Med 2011; 17 (11): 1391–1401. doi: 10.1038/nm.2507.

8. Umbro I, Tinti F, Scalera I et al. Acute kidney injury and post-reperfusion syndrome in liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22 (42): 9314–9323. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i42.9314.

9. De Haan JE, Hoorn EJ, de Geus HRH. Acute kidney injury after liver transplantation: recent insights and future perspectives. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2017; 31 (2): 161–169. doi: 10.1016/j.bpg. 2017.03.004.

10. Fernandez-Lorente L, Martin-Moreno PL, Arteaga J. Acute kidney failure in the cirrhotic patient: management, kidney biopsy and dual kidney liver transplantation indication. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2020; 35 (3): 408–410. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfz068.

11. Kochhar G, Edge P, Blomme C et al. Clostridium difficle enteropathy is associated with a higher risk for acute kidney injury in patients with an ileostomy – a case-control study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24 (2): 402–409. doi: 10.1093/ibd/izx034.

12. Ambruzs JM, Walker PD, Larsen CP. The histopathologic spectrum of kidney biopsies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2014; 9 (2): 265–270. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04660513.

13. Fogo AB. Causes and pathogenesis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Nat Rev Nephrol 2015; 11 (2): 76–87. doi: 10.1038/nrneph. 2014.216.

14. Pouria S, Barratt J. Secondary IgA nephropathy. Semin Nephrol 2008; 28 (1): 27–37. doi: 10.1016/j.sem nephrol.2007.10.004.

15. Rennke HG. Kidney pathology part one and two. Intensive review of nephrology. Brigham and Woman’s hospital, Harvard medical school, postgdraduate medical education, USA. 2019. Collection of presentations: 110–218.

16. Singh AK. Approach to proteinuria and hematuria. 41. annual intensive review of internal medicine. Brigham and Woman’s Hospital, Harvard medical school, postgdraduate medical education, USA. 2018. Collection of presentations: 121–135.

17. Vivarelli M, Massella L, Ruggiero B et al. Minimal change disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12 (2): 332–345. doi: 10.2215/CJN.0500051.

18. Teplan V. Glomerulopatie u pacientů s idiopatickými střevními záněty. Gastroent Hepatol 2020; 74 (1): 1–6. doi: 10.14735/amgh20201.

19. Tekin F, Ozütemiz O, Ilter T. Acute tubulointerstitial nephritis due to 5-aminosalicylic acid in a patient with ulcerative colitis and chronic renal failure. Turk J Gastroenterol 2006; 17 (2): 153–154.

20. Niknahad H, Heidari R, Mohammadzadeh R et al. Sulfasalazine induces mitochondrial dysfunction and renal injury. Ren Fail 2017; 39 (1): 745–753. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2017.1399908.

21. Durando M, Tiu H, Kim JS. Sulfasalazine-induced crystalluria causing severe acute kidney injury. Am J Kidney Dis 2017; 70 (6): 869–873. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017.05.013.

22. Yoo YJ, Chung SY, Gu DH et al. A case of late onset-acute tubulointerstitial nephritis with infliximab and mesalazine treatment in a patient with Crohn’s disease. Korean J Gastroenterol 2014; 63 (5): 308–312. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2014.63.5.308.

23. Bailly E, Von Tokarski F, Beau-Salinas F et al.Interstitial nephritis secondary to vedolizumab treatment in Crohn disease and safe rechallenge using steroids: a case report. Am J Kidney Dis 2018; 71 (1): 142–145. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2017. 08.008.

24. Sato T, Kawasaki Y, Ito A et al. Infliximab-induced tubulointerstitial nephritis with image findings of striated nephrogram in Crohn’s disease. Tohoku J Exp Med 2018; 245 (3): 149–152. doi: 10.1620/tjem. 245.149.

25. Zadražil J. Jsou inhibitory protonové pumpy bezpečné pro ledviny? Prezentace na XV. konferenci III. interní kliniky FN Olomouc. 20. 10. 2017.

26. Muriithi AK, Leung N, Valeri AM et al. Biopsy-proven acute interstitial nephritis, 1993–2011: a case series. Am J Kidney Dis 2014; 64 (4): 558–566. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2014.04.027.

27. Antoniou T, Macdonald EM, Hollands S et al. Proton pump inhibitors and the risk of acute kidney injury in older patients: a population-based cohort study. CMAJ Open 2015; 3 (2): E166–E171. doi: 10.9778/cmajo.20140074.

28. Nochaiwong S, Ruengorn C, Awiphan R et al. The association between proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of adverse kidney outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2018; 33 (2): 331–342. doi: 10.1093/ndt/gfw470.

29. Pozdzik AA, Matos C, Rorive S et al. Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging as a new diagnostic tool of subclinical IgG4-related acute tubulointerstitial nephritis. Clin Kidney J 2013; 6 (2): 235–237. doi: 10.1093/ckj/sft005.

30. Hong YA, Park WS, Chang YK et al. “Rare” manifestation of “rare” disease: sarcoidosis presenting as pancreatitis, duodenal ulcer and severe acute kidney injury. Int Urol Nephrol 2016; 48 (12): 2115–2117. doi: 10.1007/s11255-016-1395-8.

31. Anders HJ. Necroptosis in acute kidney injury. Nephron 2018; 139 (4): 342–348. doi: 10.1159/0004 89940.

32. Davenport A, Sheikh MF, Lamb E et al. Acute kidney injury in acute-on-chronic liver failure: where does hepatorenal syndrome fit? Kidney Int 2017; 92 (5): 1058–1070. doi: 10.1016/j.kint. 2017.04.048.

33. Cody EM, Dixon BP. Hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Clin North Am 2019; 66 (1): 235–246. doi: 10.1016/j.pcl.2018.09.011.

34. Bianchi L, Gaiani F, Vincenzi F et al. Hemolytic uremic syndrome: differential diagnosis with the onset of inflammatory bowel diseases. Acta Biomed 2018; 89 (9-S): 153–157. doi: 10.23750/abm.v89i9-S.7911.

35. Sethi S, Theis JD. Pathology and diagnosis of renal non-AL amyloidosis. J Nephrol 2018; 31 (3): 343–350. doi: 10.1007/s40620-017-0426-6.

36. Serra I, Oller B, Mañosa M et al. Systemic amyloidosis in inflammatory bowel disease: retrospective study on its prevalence, clinical presentation, and outcome. J Crohns Colitis 2010; 4 (3): 269–274. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns. 2009.11.009.

37. Teplan V et al. Praktická nefrologie. 2. zcela přepracované a doplněné vydání. Praha: Grada Publishing 2006: 254–256.

38. Demoulin N, Issa Z, Crott R et al. Enteric hyperoxaluria in chronic pancreatitis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96 (19): e6758. doi: 10.1097/MD. 0000000000006758.

39. Hueppelshaeuser R, von Unruh GE, Habbig S et al. Enteric hyperoxaluria, recurrent urolithiasis, and systemic oxalosis in patients with Crohn’s disease. Pediatr Nephrol 2012; 27 (7): 1103–1109. doi: 10. 1007/s00467-012-2126-8.

40. Lumlertgul N, Siribamrungwong M, Jaber BL et al. Secondary oxalate nephropathy: a systematic review. Kidney Int Rep 2018; 3 (6): 1363–1372. doi: 10.1016/j.ekir.2018.07.020.

41. International Club of Ascites. Guidelines. Criteria for the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome. [online]. Available from: http: //www.icascites.org/about/guidelines/.

42. Angeli P, Garcia-Tsao G, Nadim MK et al. News in pathophysiology, definition and classification of hepatorenal syndrome: a step beyond the International Club of Ascites (ICA) consensus document. J Hepatol 2019; 71 (4): 811–822. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.07.002.

43. Regner KR, Singbartl K. Kidney injury in liver disease. Crit Care Clin 2016; 32 (3): 343–355. doi: 10.1016/j.ccc.2016.03.005.

44. Teplan V. Příspěvek k problematice hepatorenálního poškození a selhání. Gastroent Hepatol 2018; 72 (3): 242–250. doi: 10.14735/amgh 2018242.

45. Amin AA, Alabsawy EI, Jalan R et al. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of hepatorenal syndrome. Semin Nephrol 2019; 39 (1): 17–30. doi: 10.1016/j.semnephrol.2018.10.002.

46. Allegretti AS, Parada XV, Eneanya ND et al. Prognosis of patients with cirrhosis and AKI who initiate RRT. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2018; 13 (1): 16–25. doi: 10.2215/CJN.03610417.

47. Garcia-Tsao G, Parikh CR, Viola A. Acute kidney injury in cirrhosis. Hepatology 2008; 48 (6): 2064–2077. doi: 10.1002/hep.22605.

48. Low G, Alexander GJ, Lomas DJ. Renal impairment in cirrhosis unrelated to hepatorenal syndrome. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 29 (5): 253–257. doi: 10.1155/2015/967683.

49. Hossain MA, Costanzo E, Cosentino J et al. Contrast-induced nephropathy: pathophysiology, risk factors, and prevention. Saudi J Kidney Dis Transpl 2018; 29 (1): 1–9. doi: 10.4103/1319 -2442.225199.

50. Dickenmann M, Oettl T, Mihatsch MJ. Osmotic nephrosis: acute kidney injury with accumulation of proximal tubular lysosomes due to administration of exogenous solutes. Am J Kidney Dis 2008; 51 (3): 491–503. doi: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2007.10.044.

51. Petejova N, Martinek A, Zadrazil J et al. Acute toxic kidney injury. Ren Fail 2019; 41 (1): 576–594. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2019.1628780.

52. Kellum JA, Lameire N, Aspelin P et al. KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Inter Suppl 2012; 2: 139–274.

53. Derebail VK, Rheault MN, Kerlin BA. Role of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with kidney disease. Kidney Int 2020; 97 (4): 664–675. doi: 10.1016/j.kint.2019.11.027.

54. Moledina DG, Perazella MA. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 12 (12): 2046–2049. doi: 10.2215/CJN.07630717.

55. Bruyand M, Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Gouali M et al. Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection. Med Mal Infect 2018; 48 (3): 167–174. doi: 10.1016/j.medmal. 2017.09.012.

56. Nitschke M, Sayk F, Härtel C et al. Association between azithromycin therapy and duration of bacterial shedding among patients with Shiga toxin-producing enteroaggregative Escherichia coli O104: H4. JAMA 2012; 307 (10): 1046 –1052. doi: 10.1001/jama.2012.264.

57. Giordano M, Baldassarre ME, Palmieri V et al. Management of STEC Gastroenteritis: Is there a role for probiotics? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16 (9): 1649. doi: 10.3390/ijerph 16091649.

58. Loos S, Oh J, Kemper MJ. Eculizumab in STEC-HUS: need for a proper randomized controlled trial. Pediatr Nephrol 2018; 33 (8): 1277–1281. doi: 10.1007/s00467-018-3972-9.

59. Joannidis M, Druml W, Forni LG et al. Prevention of acute kidney injury and protection of renal function in the intensive care unit: update 2017: Expert opinion of the Working Group on Prevention, AKI section, European Society of Intensive Care Medicine. Intensive Care Med 2017; 43 (6): 730–749. doi: 10.1007/s00134-017-4832-y.

60. Boyer TD, Sanyal AJ, Wong F et al. Terlipressin plus albumin is more effective than albumin alone in improving renal function in patients with cirrhosis and hepatorenal syndrome type 1. Gastroenterology 2016; 150 (7): 1579 –1589. e2. doi: 10.1053/j.gastro.2016.02.026.

61. Mattos ÂZ, Schacher FC, Mattos AA. Vasoconstrictors in hepatorenal syndrome – a critical review. Ann Hepatol 2019; 18 (2): 287–290. doi: 10.1016/j.aohep.2018.12.002.