Effect of intensive lifestyle modification in patients with obesity (even extreme obesity) on cardiometabolic parameters

Czech version

Authors: Adela Penesová ¹; Jana Babjaková ²; Viktor Bielik ³; Žofia Rádiková ¹; Libuša Kubáňová ^1,3
Authors‘ workplace: Ústav klinického a translačného výskumu, Biomedicínske centrum SAV, v. v. i., Bratislava ¹; Ústav hygieny LF UK v Bratislave ²; Katedra biologických a lekárskych vied, Fakulta telesnej výchovy a športu UK v Bratislave ³
Published in: Diab Obez 2022; 22(44): 95-101
Category: Reviews

Overview

Management of extreme obesity (with body mass index (BMI) > 40 kg/m²), requires a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. According to the recommendations of the European Association for the Study of Obesity (EASO), patients with extreme obesity require not only lifestyle changes but also pharmacotherapy and an early indication for bariatric surgery. Therefore, the aim of our work was to monitor the effect of intensivelifestyle changes (diet and physical activity) on obese patients of various degrees on cardiometabolic parameters. Methods: Forty-one patients with obesity class I and II (group A – 28 females/13 males; age: 42.9 ± 11.8 years; BMI 31.4 ± 6.3 kg/m²) and 13 patients with class III obesity (group B – 6 females/7 males; age: 34.6 ± 9.7 years; BMI 51.5 ± 8.0 kg/m²) were involved to the study. Lifestyle intervention was proposed after the clinical examination, consisting of individual counselling sessions. As part of the management, each patient received an individualized diet plan and also a plan of physical activity, which took place under the supervision of an experienced trainer. Results: After 6 months of intervention, patients achieved a weight reduction of 7–39 % of their original body weight by changing their lifestyle. Many cardiometabolic parameters such as blood pressure levels, glycemia, cholesterol levels, liver parameters, etc. have been significantly and positively changed. Conclusions: Preliminary results of our study confirm the positive effect of lifestyle changes on weight loss even in patients with extreme obesity. However, long-term follow-up, dispensarisation in specialized out-patients clinics, and early indication for bariatric surgery are necessary (which could not be fully performed during the COVID-19 pandemic). The Center for Obesity Management (CMO) at the Biomedical Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences is currently being built, and should also contribute to this.

Keywords:

Physical activity – nutritional intervention – bariatric surgery – antiobesitics – extreme obesity

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