Faktory hojenia dekubitov u kriticky chorých pacientov
Authors:
E. Hlinková 1; J. Němcová 1; A. Simová 2; M. Balková 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Department of Nursing, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
1; Department of Surgery and Transplantation Center, University Hospital in Martin, Slovakia
2
Published in:
Cesk Slov Neurol N 2018; 81(Suplementum 1): 13-18
Category:
Original Paper
doi:
https://doi.org/10.14735/amcsnn2018S13
Overview
Cieľ:
Identifikovať a analyzovať faktory ovplyvňujúce priebeh hojenia dekubitov u kriticky chorých pacientov, následne porovnať variabilitu hojenia dekubitov po stabilizácii zdravotného stavu.
Súbor a metodika: Komparatívna multiprípadová štúdia s využitím kvalitatívnych aj kvantitatívnych výskumných metód. Výskumnú vzorku tvorili traja kriticky chorí pacienti s dekubitom.
Výsledky: Kritický stav nastal po terapeutickom zákroku na srdci (prípad A, C – kardiochirurgický zákrok; prípad B – rádiologický intervenčný zákrok). Dekubity vznikli počas riadenej a podpornej ventilácie, kontinuálnej intravenóznej sedácii a analgézii. K nehojeniu dekubitov významne prispievali hypoxia, hemodynamická instabilita, podávanie vazopresorov s vazokontrikčnými účinkami, imobilita, nemožnosť zmeny polohy pri riadenej a podpornej ventilácii, obezita a malnutrícia. V prípade A nastalo hojenie po vertikalizácii, zlepšovaním sebaopatery, podávaním vitamínu C so zinkom a pridávaním nutričných prípravkov (sipping), po 8 mesiacoch bol dekubitus zahojený. V prípade B (vigílna kóma) nastalo zahojenie 80 % plochy dekubitov na viacerých miestach po zavedení perkutánnej endoskopickej gastrostómie (PEG) a podávaním nutrične definovanej enterálnej výživy. V prípade C hojenie komplikovali quadruplégia a malnutrícia, pacient bol vyživovaný tekutou stravou pomocou nazogastrickej sondy. I napriek podtlakovej terapii rany nenastalo hojenie.
Záver: Vo významnej miere sme potvrdili vplyv mobility a výživy na hojenie dekubitov. Ukázalo sa, že u sledovaných pacientov je podávanie stravy nazogastrickou sondou nepostačujúce v porovnaní s PEG (podávaním nutrične definovanej enterálnej výživy).
Kľúčové slová:
dekubitus – kriticky chorí – faktory hojenia – mobilita – výživa
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Labels
Paediatric neurology Neurosurgery NeurologyArticle was published in
Czech and Slovak Neurology and Neurosurgery
2018 Issue Suplementum 1
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