Presbycusis
Authors:
J. Syka
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav experimentální medicíny Akademie věd České republiky, v. v. i., Praha
Published in:
Otorinolaryngol Foniatr, 62, 2016, No. 4, pp. 211-220.
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Age-related hearing loss, presbycusis, is the most frequently occurring sensory abnormality associated with aging. Etiology of presbycusis is multifactorial, comprising effects of noise exposure, ototoxic drugs, inflammation and last but not least genetic factors. Traditionally presbycusis was described as a complex of pathological changes appearing in the inner ear in the process of aging, at present we understand presbycusis as a complex of changes occurring in the whole auditory system (and in the case of speech perception in the non-auditory part of the brain as well). Age-related pathological vulnerability is present in the outer hair cells, inner hair cells and especially in their ribbon synapses that contact auditory nerve fibers, but also in neurons of the central auditory system. From the functional point of view, in addition to increased hearing thresholds, presbycusis is characterized also by decreased quality of the temporal processing of sounds as well as of decreased space hearing. The aim of this review is to inform about contemporary knowledge on presbycusis on the basis of results of animal experiments as well as audiological and psychoacoustical observations and results of imaging methods.
Keywords:
presbycusis, inner ear, central auditory system, pathological changes
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Otorhinolaryngology and Phoniatrics
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