Mechanisms of Arterial Hypertension after Transplantation Experimental and Renal Surgery

Overview

Considerable evidence exists indicating that pressure-volume regulation, based on the pressure-natriuresis/diuresisphenomena, is of fundamental importance in maintaining long-term arterial pressure – a theory evolved by A. C.Guyton and his co-workers during the four last decades. In all forms of hypertension studied so far, the pressurenatriuresis is abnormal. The present article focuses on selected, well-documented examples illustrating howexperimental and clinical impairment of renal structure and its blood supply contributed to our understanding of theaetiology and pathogenesis of hypertension. Partial nephrectomy, transplantation, renal hypoperfusion and hypersecretionof natrium-retaining hormones represent the major topics discussed in the article.

Key words:
hypertension, renal output curve, pressure natriuresis, kidney transplantation, salt-sensitive hypertension,Goldblatt hypertension, escape phenomena, circadian rhythm of blood pressure.