Inflammation and atherosclerosis

Czech version

Authors: Rudolf Poledne ¹; Ivana Králová Lesná ^1,2
Authors‘ workplace: Centrum experimentální medicíny, Laboratoř pro výzkum aterosklerózy IKEM, Praha ¹; Klinika anesteziologie, resuscitace a intenzivní medicíny 1. LF UK a ÚVN - Vojenská fakultní nemocnice Praha ²
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2018; 64(12): 1142-1146
Category:

Overview

Although current treatment of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia is most effective, cardiovascular mortality still remains at 50 % in industrialized countries. This could be explained by the rather high contribution of the inflammatory process to atherogenesis development. Use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) determination in several large epidemiological studies has made it possible to document increased risk of myocardial infarction in individuals with slightly increased hsCRP concentrations, which could thus serve as a discriminatory factor in cardiovascular disease risk assessment. However, the situation is not that simple since hsCRP concentrations correlate significantly with BMI, age and smoking as major cardiovascular risk factors. Increased proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in visceral adipose tissue has also been shown to rise with BMI, age (differently in men and women) and non-HDL-cholesterol levels. It has been suggested that the pro-inflammatory status induced by a higher proportion of pro-inflammatory macrophages in visceral adipose tissue acts synergistically in atherogenesis development.

Key words:

atherosclerosis – cardiovascular disease – inflammation

Sources

Anitschkow N, Chalatow S. Ueber experimentelle Cholester-insteatose und ihre Bedeutung fuer die Entstehung einiger pathologischer Prozesse. Zentrbl Allg Pathol Anat 1913; 24: 1–9.
Keys A. Human atherosclerosis and the diet. Circulation 1952; 5(1): 115–118.
Keys A, Aravanis C, Blackburn HW et al. Epidemiological studies related to coronary heart disease: characteristics of men aged 40–59 in seven countries. Acta Med Scand Suppl 1966; 460: 1–392.
Havel RJ. Functional activities of hepatic lipoprotein receptors. Annu Rev Physiol 1986; 48: 119–134. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ph.48.030186.001003>.
Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Familial hypercholesterolemia: identification of a defect in the regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase activity associated with overproduction of cholesterol. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1973; 70(10): 2804–2808.
Kato H, Tillotson J, Nichaman MZ et al. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Am J Epidemiol 1973; 97(6): 372–385.
Pitha J, Kralova Lesna I, Stavek P et al. Effect of exercise on markers of vascular health in renal transplant recipients. Physiol Res 2015; 64(6): 945–949.
Esrey KL, Joseph L, Grover SA. Relationship between dietary intake and coronary heart disease mortality: lipid research clinics prevalence follow-up study. J Clin Epidemiol 1996; 49(2): 211–216.
Hu FB, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ et al. Prospective study of major dietary patterns and risk of coronary heart disease in men. Am J Clin Nutr 2000; 72(4): 912–921. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.4.912>.
Kromhout D, de Lezenne Coulander C, Obermann-de Boer GL et al. Changes in food and nutrient intake in middle-aged men from 1960 to 1985 (the Zutphen Study). Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51(1): 123–129. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/51.1.123>.
Suchanek P, Poledne R, Hubacek JA. Dietary intake reports fidelity – fact or fiction? Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2011; 32(Suppl 2): 29–31.
Cifkova R, Skodova Z, Bruthans J et al. Longitudinal trends in major cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech population between 1985 and 2007/8. Czech MONICA and Czech post-MONICA. Atherosclerosis 2010; 211(2): 676–681. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.04.007>.
Ridker PM, Cushman M, Stampfer MJ et al. Plasma concentration of C-reactive protein and risk of developing peripheral vascular disease. Circulation 1998; 97(5): 425–428.
Ross R. Atherosclerosis – an inflammatory disease. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 115–126. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199901143400207>.
Poledne R, Valenta Z, Piťha J. CRP – a marker of a pro-inflammatory state and cardiovascular risk. Vnitř Lék 2007; 53(4): 391–395.
Fabricant CG, Fabricant J, Litrenta MM et al. Virus-induced atherosclerosis. J Exp Med 1978; 148(1): 335–340.
Farsak B, Yildirir A, Akyon Y et al. Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori DNA in human atherosclerotic plaques by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2000; 38(12): 4408–4411.
Altannavch TS, Roubalova K, Kucera P et al. Effect of human cytomegalovirus and glucose on adhesion molecules expression in cultured human endothelial cells. Acta Virol 2002; 46(3): 183–186.
Dvorakova A, Poledne R. The incidence of infectious diseases and changes in the mortality of atherosclerosis-related complications in the Czech population over the past two decades. Eur J Epidemiol 2004; 19(7): 707–710.
Weisberg SP, McCann D, Desai M et al. Obesity is associated with macrophage accumulation in adipose tissue. J Clin Invest 2003; 112(12): 1796–1808. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/JCI19246>.
Cejkova S, Kralova Lesna I, Fronek J et al. Pro-inflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue of patients with atherosclerosis. Physiol Res 2017; 66(4): 633–640.
Kralova Lesna I, Kralova A, Cejkova S et al. Characterisation and comparison of adipose tissue macrophages from human subcutaneous, visceral and perivascular adipose tissue. J Transl Med 2016; 14(1): 208. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12967–016–0962–1>.
Lesna IK, Cejkova S, Kralova A et al. Human adipose tissue accumulation is associated with pro-inflammatory changes in subcutaneous rather than visceral adipose tissue. Nutr Diabetes 2017; 7(4): e264. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nutd.2017.15>.
Kralova Lesna I, Poledne R, Fronek J et al. Macrophage subsets in the adipose tissue could be modified by sex and the reproductive age of women. Atherosclerosis 2015; 241(1): 255–258. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.03.018>.
Poledne R, Kralova Lesna I, Kralova A et al. The relationship between non-HDL cholesterol and macrophage phenotypes in human adipose tissue. J Lipid Res 2016; 57(10): 1899–1905. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1194/jlr.P068015>.
Kralova Lesna I, Petras M, Cejkova S et al. Cardiovascular disease predictors and adipose tissue macrophage polarization: Is there a link? Eur J Prev Cardiol 2018; 25(3): 328–334. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2047487317743355>.
Ridker PM, MacFadyen J, Libby P et al. Relation of baseline high-sensitivity C-reactive protein level to cardiovascular outcomes with rosuvastatin in the Justification for Use of statins in Prevention: an Intervention Trial Evaluating Rosuvastatin (JUPITER). Am J Cardiol 2010; 106(2): 204–209. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.03.018>.