Late complications of liver cirrhosis – management of gastrointestinal bleeding in the presence of portal hypertension
Authors:
Václav Hejda
Authors‘ workplace:
Oddělení gastroenterologie a hepatologie I. interní kliniky LF UK a FN Plzeň
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2016; 62(Suppl2): 10-17
Category:
Reviews
Jaterní cirhóza je finálním stupněm progresivního vývoje různých jaterních chorob a je spojena s významnou morbiditou a mortalitou. Cirhóza je asociována s řadou potenciálních komplikací, především s rozvojem portální hypertenze. Portální hypertenze s tvorbou ascitu, jaterních a žaludečních varixů s krvácením do horní části trávicího traktu (HČTT) je zlomovým bodem přirozeného vývoje jaterní cirhózy a je spojena s výrazně zhoršenou prognózou pacientů se strmě narůstajícím rizikem jejich mortality. Během posledních 10–20 let bylo dosaženo významné progrese v diagnostice jaterní cirhózy (včetně neinvazivních metod), v primární prevenci první ataky krvácení do HČTT i v terapii akutního krvácení v důsledku moderní farmakoterapie, zlepšených možností terapeutické endoskopie i relativně nových možností zástavy akutního krvácení (jícnové stenty, TIPS apod).
Overview
Cirrhosis is the end stage of progressive development of different liver diseases and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality rates. Cirrhosis is associated with a number of potential complications, in particular with development of portal hypertension. Portal hypertension with the production of ascites, hepatic and gastric varices bleeding in the upper part of the gastrointestinal tract, presents the breakpoint in the natural course of cirrhosis, and it is associated with a considerably worse prognosis of patients, with a dramatically increased risk of mortality. A major progress was reached during the past 10–20 years in diagnosing liver cirrhosis (including non-invasive methods), in primary prevention of the initial episode of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and in the therapy of acute bleeding due to modern pharmacotherapy, with regard to expanding possibilities of therapeutic endoscopy and relatively new options for management of acute bleeding (esophageal stents, TIPS and suchlike). However acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding associated with portal hypertension still presents a considerable risk of premature death (15–20 %). Early diagnosing and causal treatment of numerous liver diseases may lead to slowing or regression of fibrosis and cirrhosis and possibly even of the degree of portal hypertension and thereby also the risk of bleeding.
Key words:
cirrhosis – esophageal varices – treatment of bleeding – portal hypertension
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2016 Issue Suppl2
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