Novinky v patologii prostaty
:
Weisheng Xu 1; Ming Zhou 1,2
:
Departments of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
1; Departments of Pathology, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
2
:
Čes.-slov. Patol., 50, 2014, No. 4, p. 120-128
:
Review Articles - Uropathology
Karcinom prostaty je (mimo kožních nádorů) nejčastější malignitou mužů v rozvinutých zemích a jeho incidence v rozvojových zemích stále roste. Aktivní výzkum v posledních letech výrazně napomohl porozumění biologie a genetiky karcinomu prostaty, vedl ke zlepšení jeho diagnostiky i léčby. Gleasonův grading stále hraje v nastavení léčebné strategie pacientů s karcinomem prostaty zásadní roli. Tento grading se však od začátku vyvíjí a odráží tak postupné změny v klinické praxi. Modifikovaný Gleasonův grading byl zaveden v roce 2005 a výrazně změnil způsob, jakým je grade karcinomu prostaty stanovován, i způsob, jakým je pacient poté léčen. Několik histologických typů karcinomu prostaty s odlišnými klinickými a patologickými znaky bylo nově objeveno nebo předefinováno. Konečně, pochopení molekulárních a genetických mechanismů pomáhá nejen lépe porozumět patogenezi karcinomu prostaty, ale také identifikovat biomarkery pro lepší diagnostiku, stratifikaci rizika a klinický management onemocnění. Tento text stručně shrnuje nejnovější změny v Gleasonově gradingu, nové histologické typy a molekulární genetiku karcinomu prostaty.
Klíčová slova:
prostata - Gleasonovo skóre - intraduktální karcinom - neuroendokrinní diferenciace - molekulární genetika
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Czecho-Slovak Pathology
2014 Issue 4
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