Transepidermal Water Loss Measurement (TEWL)
Authors:
V. Resl 1; M. Leba 1; I. Rampl 2
Authors‘ workplace:
Dermatovenerologická klinika LF UK a FN Plzeň
přednosta prof. MUDr. Karel Pizinger, CSc.
1; Fakulta elektroniky a komunikačních technologií Vysokého učení technického v Brně
a Enjoy spol. s r. o.
vedoucí doc. ing. Ivan Rampl, CSc.
2
Published in:
Čes-slov Derm, 83, 2008, No. 6, p. 319-324
Category:
New drugs, cosmetics, devices
Overview
Transepidermal water loss measurement (TEWL) is a method frequently used for study of skin barrier function under physiologic and pathologic condition to objectification and specification of clinical diagnosis, to evaluation of irritation tests, to follow-up of effects of drugs and cosmetics. Today, three types of measuring devices are used: closed, ventilated and open chambers. Currently commercially available devices are introduced. Their pro-and-cons, necessity of method standardization, the most frequent sources of mistakes and method wide use are discussed. The example of TEWL measurement applied together with other bioengineering methods in ongoing research project is attached.
Key words:
transepidermal water loss – TEWL – non-invasive skin function testing – standardization of measurement – bioengineering of the skin – physiologic functions measurement – dermato-cosmetic measurement – measurement of TEWL in pathologic conditions
Sources
1. AALTO-KORTE, K. Improvement of skin barrier function during treatment of atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol, 1995, 33, p. 969-972.
2. BAREL, A.,O., CLARYS, P. Comparison of Methods for measurement of transepidermal water loss. In: SERUP J, JEMEC JBE (eds) Handbook of non-invasive methods and the skin. CRC Press, Boca Raton, London 1995, 179-184.
3. BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Transepidermal water loss and skin surface hydration in the non invasive assessment of stratum corneum function. Dermatosen, 1990, 38, s. 50-53.
4. BERARDESCA, E., ELSNER, P. Dynamic measurements: the plastic occlusion stress test (POST) and the moisture accumulation test (MAT). In: ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: water and the stratům corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, p. 97-102.
5. DermaLab: Cortex Technology, Smedevaenget 10, DK-9560 Hasund, Denmark. (http://www.cor-lex.dk)..
6. DISTANTE, F., BERARDESCA, E. Transepidermal Water Loss. In: BERARDESCA, E., ELSNER, P., WILHELM, KP., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the Skin: Methods and Instrmentation. CRC Press Boca Raton New York, London, Tokyo 1995 , p. 1-4.
7. EFFENDY, I., KWANGSUKSTILH, C., CHIAPPE, M., MAIBACH, HI. Effects of calcipotriol on stratům corneum barrier function, hydration and cell renewal in humans. Br J Dermatol, 1996, 135, p. 545-549.
8. EVAPORIMETRE: Servo Med AB, P.O. Box 47, S-432 21 Varberg, Sweden (http://www.servomed.se) http://www. americaninstrument.com.
9. FARTASCH, M. Atopic Dermatitis and Other Skin Diseases. In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI.: Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, (second edition), 2005, 159-1.
10. FRÖDIN, T., MOLIN, L., SKOGH, M. Effects of single doses of UVA, UVB, and UVC on skin blood flow, water content, and barrier function measured by laser-Doppler flowmetry, optothermal infrared spectromelry, and evaporimetry. Photodermatology, 1988, 5, p. 187-195.
11. GABARD, B. Testing the efficcacy of moisturizers. In: ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. (eds): Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, p. 147-167.
12. GABARD, B.,TREFFEL, P. In: AGACHE, P., HUMBERT, PH. Measuring the skin. Springer Verlag Berlin, London, New York, Tokyo, 2004, p. 553-564.
13. GROVE, GL., GROVE, MJ., ZERWECK, C., PIERCE, E. Comparative metrology of the Evaporimeter and the DermaLab TEWL probe. Skin Res Technol, 1999, 5, p. 1-8.
14. HANAU, A., STÜCKER M., GAMBICHLER, T., ORLIKOV, A. et al. Nichtinvasive Diagnostik von Hautfunktionen. Hautarzt, 2003, 12, 1211-1221.
15. HARATAKE, A., UCHIDA, Y., SCHMULH, M., TANNO, O., YASUDA, R., EPSTCIN, JH., ELIAS, PM., HOLLERNAN, WM. UVB-induced alterations in permeability barrier function: roles for epidermal hyperproliferation and thymocyte-mediated response. J Invest Dermatol. 1997, 108, p. 769-775.
16. HYBÁŠEK, P. Stanovení uvolňovaných vodních par z kůže psychrometrickou metodou. Kand. disertační práce Olomouc, 1965.
17. HYBÁŠEK, P. Die Arabe „sorbierter“ Wasserdämpfe durch Hautoberfläche Kap. I-III. Acta Univ.Palack-Olomucensis, 1967, 43, s. 13-25.
18. HYBÁŠEK P., ŠERÁK L. Objektivní hodnocení hydratace rohové vrstvy epidermis některými hydrofilními masťovými základy. Čs. Dermat, 1973, 48, 1, s. 11-16.
19. LAVRIJSEN, APM., OESTMANN, E., HERMANS, J., BODDÉ, HE., VERMEER, BJ., PONEC, M. Barrier function parameters in various keratinization disorders: transepidermal water loss and vascular response to hexyl nicotinate. Br J Dermatol, 1993, 129, p. 547-554.
20. LÉVĚQUE, J.L. Measurement of transepidermal water loss. In: LÉVÉQUE J.L. (ed) Cutaneous in-vestigation in health and disease: Noninvasive methods and instrumentation. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, s. 134-152.
21. NAJBRT, V., PETROVÁ, I., ROVENSKÝ, J., OTTO, K. Význam hydratace rohoviny v hojení morfy atopického ekzému. Čs Dermat, 1969, 44, 2-3..
22. NAJBRT V, ROVENSKÝ J, POMPEOVÁ J., KONRÁD B. Studie o měření dynamiky barierové funkce. Čs. Dermat, 1964, XXXIX, 2, s. 88-99.
23. OESTMANN, E., LAVRIJSEN, APM., HERMANS, J., PONEC, M. Skin barrier function in healthy volunteers as assessed by transepidermal water loss and vascular response to hexyl nicotinate: intra- and inter-individual variability. Br J Dermatol, 1993, 128, p. 130-136.
24. PINNAGODA, J., TUPKER R. A., AGNER, T., SERUP, J. Guidelines for transepidermal water loss (TEWL) measurement. Contact Dermatitis, 1990, 22, p. 164-178.
25. PINNAGODA, J. Hardware and measuring principles: Evaporimeter. In: ELSNER P, BERARDESCA, E, MAIBACH, HI (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, p. 51-58.
26. PINNAGODA, J. Standardisation of measurements. In: ELSNER, P, BERARDESCA, E, MAIBACH, HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1994, p. 59-65.
27. POTTS, RO., FRANCOEUR, ML. The influence of stratum corneum morphology on water permea-bility. J Invest Dermatol, 1991, 96, p. 495-499.
28. PRIMAVERA, G., FLUHR, JW., BERARDESCA, E. Standardization of Measurements and Guidelines, In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, (second edition), 2005, p. 83-92.
29. PRIMEVERA, G., BERARDESCA E. Dynamic measurements: The Plastic Occlusion Stress Test, Moisture Accumulation Test, and Sorption-Desorption Test. In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, (second edition), 2005, p. 237-248.
30. RAMPL, I., RESL, V., LEBA, M. et al. Závěrečná zpráva řešení grantu FT-TA/007 MOP, prosinec 2008.
31. ROGIERS, V. Transepidermal water loss measurements in patch test assessment: the need for standardisation. In: ELSNER, P, MAIBACH, HI. (eds) Irritant dermatitis: new clinical and experimental aspccts. Curr Probl Dermatol, 1995, 23, p. 152-158, Karger, Basel.
32. ROGIERS, V., HOUBEN, E., DE PAEPE, K. TEWL Measurements in Dermato-Cosmetic Sciences, In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, (second edition), 2005, p. 63-72.
33. ROUGIER, A. TEWL and transcutaneous absorption. In: Elsner, P., Berardesca, E., Maibach, HI., (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: water and the stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1994, p. 103-113.
34. ROVENSKÝ, J. Dynamika sensibilní perspirace pod stříkanými obvazy. Čs. Dermat, 1964, 5, s. 330-333.
35. ROVENSKÝ, J., SAUL, O. Die Rolle der Schweissekretion bei atopischen Ekzematiker im Kindersalter. Dermatologica, 1964, 126, p. 245-256.
36. ROVENSKÝ, J., SAXL, O. Differences in the dynamic of sweat secretion in atopic childern. J. invest. Derm. 1964, 43, p. 171-176.
37. ROVENSKÝ, J. OTTO, K., NAJBRT, V., PETROVÁ, I. Průběh schnutí macerované rohoviny. Čs Derm, 1969, 44, 2-3, s. 73-78.
38. ROVENSKÝ, J, ZÁHEJSKÝ, J. Der Einfluss eines zentralen Reces (thermische Anregung) auf die Schweisswaktivität nach lokaler Applikation von Pilokarpin und Adrenalin. Arch. Derm. Forschung, 1972, 245, p. 390-401.
39. ROVENSKÝ J., ZÁHEJSKÝ J. Potní odpověď na adrenalin u dětí s projevy Atopického ekzému. Čs Derm, 1977, 52, č.1, s. 46-51.
40. SEIDENARI, S., GIUSTI, G. Objective assessment of the skin of children affected by atopic dermatitis: A study of pH, capacitance and TEWL in eczematous and clinically uninvolved skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1995, 73, p. 429-433.
41. SEIDENARI, S., PELLACANI ,G. Ultrasound and Water in the Stratum Corneum. In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton, (second edition), 2005, p.77 -82.
42. SEIDENARI, S.,GIUSTI, F. TEWL and Alergic Contact Dermatitis. In: FLUHR, J., ELSNER, P., BERARDESCA, E., MAIBACH, HI. Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton (second edition), 2005, p.105-112.
43. SCHAEFER, H., REDELMEIER, TE. Skin barrier; Principles of percutaneous absorption. Karger, Basel, 1996, p. 87-89.
44. STÜTTGEN, G. Die normale und patologische Physiologie der Haut. Gustav Fischer Jena, 1965, p. 234-242.
45. TEWAMETRE: Courage + Khazaka electronic GmbH, Mathias-Brüggen-Str. 91, D-50829 Cologne, Allemagne (hltp://www.courage-khazaka.de).
46. TUPKER, RA. Prediction of Irritancy. In: ELSNER P, BERARDESCA E., MAIBACH HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1994, p. 73-85.
47. TUPKER, RA., WILLIS, C., BERARDESCA, E., LEE, CH., FARTASCH, M., AGNER, T., SCRUP, J. Guidelines on sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) exposure tests. Contact Dermatitis, 1997, 37, p. 53-69.
48. VAN DER VALK, PGH., TUPKER, RA. TEWL in Skin Disease with Special Reference to Irritant Contact Dermatitis. In: ELSNER, P, BERARDESCA, E, MAIBACH, HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1994, p. 67-71.
49. WILHELM, KP., SURBER, C., MAIBACH, HI. Quantification of sodium lauryl sulphate irritant dermatitis in man: comparison of four techniques: skin color reflectance, transepidermal water loss, laser Doppler flow measurement and visual scores. Arch Dermatol Res, 1989, 281, p. 293-295.
50. WILHELM, KP., MAIBACH, HI. TEWL and Barrier Function of Aging Human Skin. In: ELSNER, P, BERARDESCA, E, MAIBACH, HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1994, p. 133-145.
51. WILSON, DR., MAIBACH, HI. Transepidermal water loss: A review. In: Lévéque JL. (ed) Cutaneous investigation in health and disease: Noninvasive methods and instrumentation. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, p.113-133.
52. WILSON, RD., MAIBACH, HI. TEWL and the Newborn. In: ELSNER P, BERARDESCA E, MAIBACH HI. (eds) Bioengineering of the skin: Water and the Stratum corneum. CRC Press, Boca Raton. 1994, p. 115-132.
Labels
Dermatology & STDs Paediatric dermatology & STDsArticle was published in
Czech-Slovak Dermatology
2008 Issue 6
Most read in this issue
- Atypical Mycobacteriosis and Pitfalls of its Therapy
- Tinea capitis
- Mycobacteriosis in Fish and Risk of Human Infection
- Transepidermal Water Loss Measurement (TEWL)