Life threatening manifestations of connective tissue diseases and vasculitides

1. Galve E, Candell-Riera J, Pigrau C, Permanyer-Miralda G, Garcia-Del-Castillo H, Soler-Soler J. Prevalence, morphologic types, and evolution of cardiac valvular disease in systemic lupus erythematosus. N Engl J Med 1988; 319(13): 817–23.

2. Doria A, Iaccarino L, Sarzi-Puttini P, Atzeni F, Turriel M, Petri M. Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2005; 14(9): 683–6.

3. Moder KG, Miller TD, Tazelaar HD. Cardiac involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Mayo Clin Proc 1999; 74(3): 275–84.

4. Smržová A, Horák P, Skácelova M, Žurek M, Fryšáková L, Vymětal J, et al. Cardiovascular events in patients with systemic lupus erytematodes. Cor vasa [serial online] 2014 Mar 24; [Cited 2014 October 20]; 56: e145-e152 Available from: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010865014000277

5. Horák P, Ciferská H, Krajsová B. Orgánové manifestace revmatických chorob. In: Pavelka K, Vencovský J, Horák P, Šenolt L, Mann H, Štěpán J, et al (eds). Revmatologie. Praha: Maxdorf-Jessenius; 2012. p. 106–37.

6. Martinez-Martinez MU, Abud-Mendoza C. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Clinical manifestations, treatment, and prognosis. Reumatol Clin 2014; 10(4): 248–53.

7. Martinez-Taboada VM, Blanco R, Armona J, Fernandez-Sueiro JL, Rodriguez-Valverde V. Acute reversible hypoxemia in systemic lupus erythematosus: a new syndrome or an index of disease activity? Lupus 1995; 4(4): 259–62.

8. Abramson SB, Dobro J, Eberle MA, Benton M, Reibman J, Epstein H, et al. Acute reversible hypoxemia in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Intern Med 1991; 114(11): 941–7.

9. Brey RL, Holliday SL, Saklad AR, Navarrete MG, Hermosillo-Romo D, Stallworth CL et al. Neuropsychiatric syndromes in lupus: Prevalence using standardized definitions. Neurology 2002; 58(8): 1214–20.

10. Koskenmies S, Vaarala O, Widen E, Kere J, Palosuo T, Julkunen H. The association of antibodies to cardiolipin, beta 2-glycoprotein I, prothrombin, and oxidized low-density lipoprotein with thrombosis in 292 patients with familial and sporadic systemic lupus erythematosus. Scand J Rheumatol 2004; 33(4): 246–52.

11. Sneddon IB. Cerebrovascular lesions and livedo reticularis. Br J Dermatol 1965; 77: 180–5.

12. Cimaz R, Meroni PL, Shoenfeld Y. Epilepsy as part of systemic lupus erythematosus and systemic antiphospholipid syndrome (Hughes syndrome). Lupus 2006; 15(4): 191–7.

13. Bertsias GK, Ioannidis JP, Aringer M, Bollen E, Bombardieri S, Bruce IN, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus with neuropsychiatric manifestations: report of a task force of the EULAR standing committee for clinical affairs. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(12): 2074–82.

14. Bertsias GK, Tektonidou M, Amoura Z, Aringer M, Bajema I, Berden JH, et al. Joint European League Against Rheumatism and European Renal Association–European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2012; 71(11): 1771–82.

15. Weening JJ, D'Agati VD, Schwartz MM, Seshan SV, Alpers CE, Appel GB, et al. The classification of glomerulonephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus revisited. J Am Soc Nephrol 2004; 15(2):241–50.

16. Hughson MD, Nadasdy T, McCarty GA, Sholer C, Min KW, Silva F. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and the antiphospholipid syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20(2): 150–8.

17. Dhingra S, Qureshi R, Abdellatif A, Gaber LW, Truong LD. Tubulointerstitial nephritis in systemic lupus erythematosus: innocent bystander or ominous presage. Histol Histopathol 2014; 29(5): 553–65.

18. Petri M, Howard D, Repke J. Frequency of lupus flare in pregnancy. The Hopkins Lupus Pregnancy Center experience. Arthritis Rheum 1991; 34(12): 1538–45.

19. Stojan G, Baer AN. Flares of systemic lupus erythematosus during pregnancy and the puerperium: prevention, diagnosis and management. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2012; 8(5): 439–53.

20. Horák P, Tegzová D, Závada J, Olejárová M, Skácelová M, Smržová A, et al. Doporučení České revmatologické společnosti pro diagnostiku a sledování nemocných se systémovým lupus erythematodes. Čes Revmatol 2013; 21(2): 59–70.

21. Horák P, Tegzová D, Závada J, Olejárová M, Skácelová M, Smržová A, et al. Doporučení České revmatologické společnosti pro léčbu nemocných se SLE. Čes Revmatol 2013; 21(2): 110–122.

22. Xiong W, Lahita RG. Pragmatic approaches to therapy for systemic lupus erythematosus. Nat Rev Rheumatol 2014; 10(2): 97–107.

23. Dall'era M, Chakravarty EF. Treatment of mild, moderate, and severe lupus erythematosus: focus on new therapies. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2011; 13(4): 308–16.

24. Ruiz-Arruza I, Ugarte A, Cabezas-Rodriguez I, Medina JA, Moran MA, Ruiz-Irastorza G. Glucocorticoids and irreversible damage in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2014; 53(8):1470–6.

25. Miyakis S, Lockshin MD, Atsumi T, Branch DW, Brey RL, Cervera R, et al. International consensus statement on an update of the classification criteria for definite antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). J Thromb Haemost 2006; 4(2): 295–306.

26. Ruffatti A, Salvan E, Del Ross T, Gerosa M, Andreoli L, Maina A, et al. Treatment strategies and pregnancy outcomes in antiphospholipid syndrome patients with thrombosis and triple antiphospholipid positivity. A European multicentre retrospective study Thromb Haemost. 2014; 112(4):727–35.

27. Nayer A, Ortega LM. Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: a clinical review. J Nephropathol 2014; 3(1): 9–17.

28. Keeling D, Mackie I, Moore GW, Greer IA, Greaves M British Committee for Standards in Haematology. Guidelines on the investigation and management of antiphospholipid syndrome. Br J Haematol 2012; 157(1): 47–58.

29. Ruiz-Irastorza G, Cuadrado MJ, Ruiz-Arruza I, Brey R, Crowther M, Derksen R, et al. Evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and long-term management of thrombosis in antiphospholipid antibody-positive patients: Report of a Task Force at the 13th International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies. Lupus 2011; 20(2): 206–218.

30. Berman H, Rodríguez-Pintó I, Cervera R, Morel N, Costedoat-Chalumeau N, Erkan D, et al. Rituximab use in the catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome: Descriptive analysis of the CAPS registry patients receiving rituximab. Autoimmun Rev 2013; 12(11): 1085–90.

31. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Practice Bulletin No. 118: antiphospholipid syndrome. Obstet Gynecol 2011; 117(1): 192–9.

32. Di Prima FAF, Valenti O, Hyseni E, Giorgio E, Faraci M, Renda E, et al. Antiphospholipid Syndrome during pregnancy: the state of the art. J Prenat Med. 2011; 5(2): 41–53.

33. Bečvář R, Soukup T, Štork J, Suchý D, Němec P, Jansa P, et al. Doporučení České revmatologické společnosti pro diagnostiku systémové sklerodermie. Čes Revmatol 2014; 22(2): 51–68.

34. Steen VD, Syzd A, Johnson JP, Greenberg A, Medsger TA Jr. Kidney disease other than renal crisis in patients with diffuse scleroderma. J Rheumatol 2005; 32(4): 649–55.

35. Denton CP, Lapadula G, Mouthon L, Müller-Ladner U. Renal complications and scleroderma renal crisis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2009; 48(Suppl 3): S32–5.

36. Batal I, Domsic RT, Medsger TA, Bastacky S. Scleroderma renal crisis: a pathology perspective. Int J Rheumatol [serial on the internet]. 2010 Jul 28; [Cited 2014 October 20]. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2958499/

37. Mouthon L, Bussone G, Berezné A, Noël LH, Guillevin L. Scleroderma renal crisis. J Rheumatol 2014; 41(6): 1040–8.

38. Steen VD. Kidney involvement in systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2014; 43(10 Pt 2): e305-14. Available from: http://www.em-consulte.com/article/928057/article/kidney-involvement-in-systemic-sclerosis

39. Steen VD, Conte C, Owens GR, Medsger TA Jr. Severe restrictive lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 37(9):1283–9.

40. Luo Y, Xiao R. Interstitial Lung Disease in Scleroderma: Clinical Features and Pathogenesis. Rheumatology 2011 doi:10.4172/2161-1149. S1-002. Available from: http://omicsonline.org/interstitial-lung-disease-in-scleroderma-clinical-features-and-pathogenesis-2161-1149.S1-002.pdf

41. Wells AU. Interstitial lung disease in systemic sclerosis. Presse Med 2014; (10 Pt 2):e329–43.

42. Coghlan JG, Denton CP, Grünig E, Bonderman D, Distler O, Khanna D, et al. Evidence-based detection of pulmonary arterial hypertension in systemic sclerosis: the DETECT study. Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73(7):1340–9.

43. Jansa P, Becvar R, Ambroz D, Palecek T, Tomcik M, Skacelova S, et al. Pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with systemic sclerosis in the Czech Republic. Clin Rheumatol 2012, 31(3): 557–61.

44. Aschermann M, Jansa P. Medikamentózní léčba plicní arteriální hypertenze v roce 2014. Vnitr Lek 2014; 60(4): 282–8.

45. Hallowell RW, Ascherman DP, Danoff SK. Pulmonary manifestations of polymyositis/dermatomyositis. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2014; 35(2): 239–48.

46. Maldonado F, Patel RR, Iyer VN, Yi ES, Ryu JH. Are respiratory complications common causes of death in inflammatory myopathies? An autopsy study. Respirology 2012; 17(3): 455–60.

47. Fujisawa T, Hozumi H, Kono M, Enomoto N, Hashimoto D, Nakamura Y, et al. Prognostic factors for myositis-associated interstitial lung disease. PLoS One [on the internet] 2014 Jun 6; [cited 2014 Oct 20]; Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4048238/?report=classic

48. Hruskova Z, Casian AL, Konopasek P, Svobodova B, Frausova D, Lanska V, et al. Long-term outcome of severe alveolar haemorrhage in ANCA-associated vasculitis: a retrospective cohort study. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013; 42(3): 211–4.

49. Niles JL, Böttinger EP, Saurina GR, Kelly KJ, Pan G, Collins AB, et al. The syndrome of lung hemorrhage and nephritis is usually an ANCA-associated condition. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156(4): 440–5.

50. Capizzi SA, Specks U. Does infection play a role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary vasculitis? Semin Respir Infect 2003; 18(1): 17–22.

51. Guillevin L, Cohen P, Gayraud M, Lhote F, Jarrousse B, Casassus P. Churg-Strauss syndrome. Clinical study and long-term follow-up of 96 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 1999; 78(1): 26–37.

52. Vaglio A, Buzio C, Zwerina J. Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): state of the art. Allergy 2013; 68(3): 261–73.

53. Guillevin L, Durand-Gasselin B, Cevallos R, Gayraud M, Lhote F, Callard P, et al. Microscopic polyangiitis: clinical and laboratory findings in eighty-five patients. Arthritis Rheum 1999; 42(3): 421–30.

54. Hellmark T, Segelmark M. Diagnosis and classification of Goodpasture's disease (anti-GBM). J Autoimmun 2014; 48–49:108–12.

55. Guillevin L, Mahr A, Callard P, Godmer P, Pagnoux C, Leray E. French Vasculitis Study Group. Hepatitis B virus-associated polyarteritis nodosa: clinical characteristics, outcome, and impact of treatment in 115 patients. Medicine (Baltimore) 2005; 84(5): 313–22.

56. Pillebout E, Thervet E, Hill G, Alberti C, Vanhille P, Nochy D. Henoch-Schönlein Purpura in adults: outcome and prognostic factors. J Am Soc Nephrol 2002; 13(5): 1271–8.

57. Misiani R, Bellavita P, Fenili D, Borelli G, Marchesi D, Massazza M, et al. Hepatitis C virus infection in patients with essential mixed cryoglobulinemia. Ann Intern Med 1992; 117(7): 573–7.

58. Zaidan M, Mariotte E, Galicier L, Arnulf B, Meignin V, Vérine J, et al. Vasculitic emergencies in the intensive care unit: a special focus on cryoglobulinemic vasculitis. Ann Intensive Care. 2012; 2(1):31–9.