Current view on etiopathogenesis of fibromyalgia
Authors:
J. Tomš
Authors‘ workplace:
Oddělení revmatologie a klinické farmakologie, 2. interní klinika Lékařské fakulty UK
a Fakultní nemocnice Hradec Králové
Published in:
Čes. Revmatol., 17, 2009, No. 3, p. 162-166.
Category:
Overview Reports
Overview
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that belongs to manifestations of extra-articular rheumatism, due to chronic wide-spread pain as its dominating symptom. Nevertheless, not even 100 years of intensive research have proved any specific changes in muscle tissue. On the contrary, growing evidence has recently indicated that FM is caused by abnormal regulation of pain transmission and processing. Central sensitization process with hyperexcitability of secondary neurons in the spinal cord and with decreased attenuating activity of descendent inhibitory system apparently play crucial role in it. Genetic factors and various trigger mechanisms can predispose individuals to application and clinical manifestation of these principles. In addition, modulation of pain perception, due to emotional and possibly psychopathological factors, may contribute to aforementioned mechanisms.
Key words:
fibromyalgia, etiopathogenesis of pain, central sensitization
Sources
1. Hrnčíř Z, Dvořák Z. Fibromyalgie a chronický únavový syndrom. In: Pavelka K, Rovenský J, et al. Klinická revmatologie, Galén, Praha, 2003, s. 679–84.
2. White KP, Harth M. Classification, epidemiology and natural history of fibromyalgia. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2001; 53: 320–9.
3. Wolfe F, Smythe A, Yunus MB, Bennet RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg D, et al. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia: report of Multicenter Criteria Committee. Arthritis Rheum 1990; 33: 160–72.
4. Gowers WR. Lumbago: Its lessons and analogues. Br Med J 1904; 1: 117–21.
5. Stockman R. Rheumatism and arthritis. Green and Son Ltd., Edinburgh, 1920, p. 132.
6. Smythe HA, Moldofsky H. Two contributions to understanding of the „fibrositis“ syndrome. Bull Rheum Dis 1977; 28: 928–31.
7. Csillage C. Fibromyalgia: the Copenhagen declaration. Lancet 1992; 340: 663–4.
8. Arnold LM, Hudson JI, Hess EV, Ware AE, Fritz DA, et al. Family study of fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2004; 50: 944–52.
9. Vargas-Alarcón G, Fragoso JM, Cruz-Robles D, Vargas A, et al. Catechol-O-methyltransferase gene haplotypes in Mexican and Spanish patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Res Ther 2007; 9: R110.
10. Bondy B, Spaeth M, Offenbaecher M, Glatzeder K, Stratz T, et al. The T102C polymorphism of the 5-HT2A-receptor gene in fibromyalgia. Neurobiol Dis 1999; 6: 433–9.
11. Clauw DJ, Chrousos GP. Chronic pain and fatigue syndromes: Overlapping clinical and neuroendocrine features and potential pathogenic mechanisms. Neuroimmunnomodulation 2007; 4: 465–73.
12. Staud R. Neurobiology of chronic musculoskeletal pain (including chronic regional pain). In: Wallace DJ, Clauw DJ (ed). Fibromyalgia & other central pain syndromes. 1st edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philladelphia, 2005, pp. 45–62.
13. Russell IJ, Vaeroy H, Javors M, Nyberg F. Cerebrospinal fluid biogennc amino metabolites in fibromyalgia/fibrositis syndrome and rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 550–6.
14. Paiva ES, Deodhar A, Jones KD, Bennett R. Impaired growth hormone secretion in fibromyalgia patients. Evidence fot augmented hypothalamic somatostatin tone. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 1344–50.
15. Russell IJ, Orr MD, Littman B, Vipraio GA, Alboukrek D, et al. Elevated cerebrospinal fluid levels of substance P in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 11: 1593–1601.
16. Giovengo SL, Russell IJ, Larson AA. Increased concentrations of nerve growth factor in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1999; 26: 1564–9.
17. Mendell LM, Wall PD. Responses of single dorsal cord cells to peripheral cutaneuous unmyelinated fibres. Nature 1965; 206: 97–9.
18. Luo ZD, Cizkova D. The role of nitric oxygen in nociception. Curr Rev Pain 2000; 4: 459–66.
19. Staud R. Evidence of involvement of central neural mechanisms in generating FM pain. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2002; 4: 299–305.
20. Price DD, Hu JW, Dubner R, Gracely RH. Peripheral suppression of first pain and central summation of second pain evoked by noxious heat pulses. Pain 1977; 3: 57–68.
21. Graven-Nielsen T, Aspegren Kandall S, Henriksson KG, Bengtsson M, Sörenssen J, et al. Ketamine reduces muscle pain, temporal summation, and referred pain in fibromyalgia patients. Pain 2000; 85: 483–91.
22. Sarchielli P, Mancini ML, Floridi A, Coppola F, Rossi C, et al. Increased levels of neurotrophins are not specific for chronic migraine: evidence from primary fibromyalgia syndrome. J Pain 2007; 8: 737–45.
23. Petty BG, Cornblath DR, Adornato BT, et al. The effect of sytemically administered recombinant human nerve growth factor induces pressure allodynia and lowered heat-pain threshold in humans. Neurology 1997; 48: 501–5.
24. Sarchielli P, Alberti A, Candeliere A, Floridi A, et al. Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor and somatostatin levels in cerebrospinal fluid of patients affected by chronic migraine and fibromyalgia. Cephalalgia 2006; 26: 409–15.
25. Gebhart GF. Descending modulation of pain. Neurosci Biobehav 2004; 27: 729–37. Suarez-Roca H, Silva JA, Arcaya JL, Quintero L, Maixner W, et al. Role of mu-opioid and NMDA receptors in the development and maintenance of repeated swim stress-induced thermal hyperalgesia. Behav Brain Res 2006; 167: 205–11.
26. Gracely RH, Petzke F, Wolf JM, Clauw DJ. Functional magnetic resonance imaging evidence of augmented pain processing in fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 2002; 46: 1333–43.
27. Guedj E., Taieb D, Cammilleri S, Lussato D, de Laforte C, et al. 99m-Tc-ECD brain perfusion SPECT in hyperalgesic fibromyalgia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2007; 34(1): 130–4.
28. Wood PB, Schweinhardt P, Jaeger E, Dagher A, Hakyemez H, et al. Fibromyalgia patients show a abnormal dopamine response to pain. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 25(12): 3576–82.
29. Yunus MB, Kalyan-Raman UP, Masi AT, Aldag JC. Electron microscopic studies of muscle biopsy in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a controlled and blinded study. J Rheumatol 1989; 16: 97–101.
30. Bengtsson A. The muscle in fibromyalgia. Rheumatology 2002; 41: 721–4. Bengtsson A, Henriksson KG, Larsson J. Muscle biopsy in primary fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1986; 15: 1–6.
31. Lund N, Bengtsson A, Thorborg P. Muscle tissue oxygen pressure in primary fibromyalgia. Scand J Rheumatol 1986; 15: 165–73.
32. Cohen N, Neuman L, Shore M, et al. Autonomic dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia: application of power spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Seminars Arthritis 2000; 29: 217–27.
33. Martinez-Lavin M, Hermosillo AG, Mendoza C, et al. Orthostatic sympathetic derangement in subject with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 1997; 24: 714–8.
34. Morf S, Amann-Vesti B, Forster A, et al. Microcirculation abnormalities in patients with fibromyalgia – measured by capillary microscopy and laser fluxmetry. Arthritis Res Ther 2004; 7: R209–16.
35. Halleugua DS. Fibromyalgia in inflammatory and endocrine disorders. In: Wallace DJ, Clauw DJ (ed). Fibromyalgia & other central pain syndromes. 1st edition, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philladelphia, 2005, pp. 187–95.
36. Waylonis GW, Heck W. Fibromyalgia syndrome. New associations. Ann J Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 71: 347–8.
37. Ferraccioli G, Cavalieri F, Salaffi, et al. Neuroendocrinologic findings in primary fibroymalgia and in other chronic rheumatic conditions (rheumatoid arhtritis, low back pain). J Rheumatol 1990; 17: 869–72.
38. Crofford LJ, Pillimer SR, Kalogeras KT, Cash JM, Michelson D, et al. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum 1994; 31(11): 1583–92.
39. Gur K, Karakoc M, Nas K., Denli A, Sarac J. Cytokines and depression in cases with fibromyalgia. J Rheumatol 2002; 29(2): 358–61.
40. Wallace DJ, Linker-Israeli M, Hallegua D. Cytokines play an aethiopathogenetic role in fibromyalgia: a hypothesis and pilot study. Rheumatology 2001; 40: 743–9.
41. Blotman F, Branco J. Fibromyalgia. Daily aches and pain. Privat, Toulose, 2007, pp. 104–10.
42. Bair MJ, Robinson RL, Katon W, Kroenke K. Depression and pain comorbidity. A literature review. Arch Intern Med 2003; 163: 2433
Labels
Dermatology & STDs Paediatric rheumatology RheumatologyArticle was published in
Czech Rheumatology
2009 Issue 3
Most read in this issue
- Treatment of patients with proximal femoral fractures. I. Orthopaedic care. Guidelines of the Czech Rheumatological Society and the Czech Society for Metabolic Bone Diseases
- Vascular endothelial growth factor in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
- Safety of biological therapy – Guidelines of the Czech Society for Rheumatology
- Concomitant fibromyalgia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis