Pharmacoeconomic Profile of Antibiotics Used in the Treatment of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections in Geriatric Patients

Overview

The paper aims to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic profile of antibiotics (ATB) used in the treatment of lower respiratory tract (LRT) infections and thus contribute to rationalization of therapeutic procedures. Of 2870 patients hospitalized at the Geriatric Clinic of the Medical Faculty of Comenius University from 1 January 1999 to 31 December 2001, 189 patients with acute infections of the LRT were included in the retrospective study. For pharmacoeconomic evaluation, cost effectiveness analysis was employed, the principal parameter of which, cost effectiveness coefficient, was the ratio of the price of ATB treatment in Slovak crowns (SK) and the criterion of effectiveness (E), the number of asymptomatic days in a month. The authors separately evaluated ATBs administered perorally (p.o.); intravenously (i.v.), and sequentially, and they also compared i.v. and the corresponding sequentially administered ATBs. Statistical comparison revealed significant differences in the prices and cost effectiveness coefficients of individual alternatives of ATB treatment. Employed ATBs did not significantly differ in the criteria of effectiveness. According to the cost effectiveness coefficient (SK/asymptomatic day), fluoroquinolones were less expensive (median price/E: pefloxacin: p.o. 19.3; i.v. 29.1; sequentially administered 26.0, and ciprofloxacin: p.o., 14.7, i.v., 54.1, sequentially administered, 31.7). Sequential administration of ATBs (ampicillin-sulbactam, cefuroxime, amoxicillin-klavulanate, ciprofloxacin) was significantly cheaper in comparison with i.v. administration. With therapeutic equivalence, the total pharmacoeconomic profile of ATB treatment depended on the price parameter. In the selection of ATB it is also necessary to consider the price of the drug.

Key words:
pharmacoeconomics – cost effectiveness analysis – respiratory tract infections – antibiotics – fluoroquinolones