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Zraková neuroprotéza – stimulace zrakových korových center v mozku. Návrh neinvazivní transkraniální stimulace funkčních neuronů


Authors: Ján Lešták
Authors‘ workplace: České vysoké učení technické v Praze, Fakulta biomedicínského inženýrství, Kladno
Published in: Čes. a slov. Oftal., 80, 2024, No. 3, p. 132-137
Category: Original Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.31348/2024/2

Overview

Cíl: Představit historii a současnost zrakových korových neuroprotéz a předložit novou metodu stimulace nepoškozených buněk zrakové kůry.

Metody: Práce podává nejen přehled o historii a současném stavu stimulace zrakové kůry u těžkých poruch zraku, ale hlavně upozorňuje na jejich nedostatky. K nim se řadí hlavně stimulace právě poškozených korových buněk na malé ploše a z morfologického hlediska pak možné poškození stimulovaných neuronů elektrodami a jejich zapouzdření gliotickou tkání.

Výsledky: Práce dále předkládá návrh nové technologie zpracování obrazu a jeho transformace do podoby neinvazivní transkraniální stimulace nepoškozených částí mozku, která je chráněna národním i mezinárodním patentem.

Závěr: V práci je předložen ucelený přehled současných možností náhrady ztraceného zraku na úrovni mozkové kůry a návrh nové neinvazivní metody stimulace funkčních neuronů zrakové kůry.

Klíčová slova:

transkraniální stimulace – zraková neuroprotéza – korová zraková centra


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