Less Common Indications for Deep Brain Stimulation

Czech version

Authors: J. Chrastina ^1,2; Z. Novák ^1,2; M. Baláž ^2,3; I. Říha ^1,2; D. Hrabovský ¹; M. Brázdil ^2,3
Authors‘ workplace: Neurochirurgická klinika LF MU a FN U sv. Anny v Brně ¹; CEITEC – Středoevropský technologický institut MU, Brno ²; I. neurologická klinika LF MU a FN u sv. Anny v Brně ³
Published in: Cesk Slov Neurol N 2014; 77/110(3): 302-307
Category: Review Article

Podpořeno projektem CEITEC CZ.1.05/ 1.1.00/ 02.0068.

Overview

Movement disorders, mainly late motor complications of Parkinson’s disease, dystonia and essential tremor are the most common indications for deep brain stimulation. Literature also provides positive results for deep brain stimulation applied in selected patients with intractable epilepsy and refractory pain. The results of deep brain stimulation in selected patients with certain refractory psychiatric disorders (e.g. treatment resistant depression and obsessive compulsive disorder) are encouraging. Deep brain stimulation was also used in small cohorts of patients with various serious refractory disorders, such as uncontrollable aggression, eating disorders, morbid obesity, vegetative state, Alzheimer disease, and drug and alcohol abuse. The paper aims to present an overview of these less frequent indications of deep brain stimulation, basic data about stimulation target structures, description of the clinical data available so far, practical surgical considerations and a short prospective of further use of deep brain stimulation in patients suffering from the serious functional problems described above.

Key words:
deep brain stimulation – aggression –anorexia nervosa – obesity – vegetative state – Alzheimer disease – drug addiction

The authors declare they have no potential conflicts of interest concerning drugs, products, or services used in the study.

The Editorial Board declares that the manuscript met the ICMJE “uniform requirements” for biomedical papers.

Sources

1. Benabid AL, Pollak P, Louveau A, Henry S, de Rougemont J. Combined (thalamotomy and stimulation) stereotactic surgery of the VIM thalamic nucleus for bilateral Parkinson disease. Appl Neurophysiol 1987; 50(1– 6): 344– 346.

2. Benabid AL, Pollak P, Gross C, Hoffman D, Benazzouz A, Gao DM et al. Acute and long‑term effects of subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 1994; 62(1– 4): 76– 84.

3. Weaver FM, Follett K, Stern M, Hur K, Harris C, Marks WJ jr et al. Bilateral deep brain stimulation vs best medical therapy for patients with advanced Parkinson disease: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2009; 301(1): 63– 73. doi: 10.1001/ jama.2008.929.

4. Urgošík D, Jech R, Růžička E. Hluboká mozková stimulace u nemocných s extrapyramidovými poruchami pohybu – stereotaktická procedura a intraoperační nálezy. Cesk Slov Neurol N 2011; 74/ 107(2): 175– 186.

5. Volkman J, Wolters A, Kupsch A, Muller J, Kun AA, Schneider GH et al. Pallidal deep brain stimulation in patients with primary generalised or segmental dystonia : 5‑year follow‑up of a randomised trial. Lancet Neurol 2012; 11(12): 1029– 1038. doi: 10.1016/ S1474– 4422(12)70257– 0.

6. Sydow O, Thobois S, Alesch F, Speelman JD. Multicentre European study of thalamic stimulation in essential tremor: a 6 years follow up. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003; 74(10): 1387– 1391.

7. Fisher R, Salanova V, Witt T, Worth R, Henry T, Gross R et al. Electrical stimulation of the anterior nucleus of thalamus for treatment of refractory epilepsy. Epilepsia 2010; 51(5): 899– 908. doi: 10.1111/ j.1528– 1167.2010.02536.x.

8. Cruccu G, Aziz TZ, Garcia‑ Larrea L, Hansson P, Jensen TS, Lefaucher JP et al. EFNS guidelines on neurostimulation therapy for neuropathic pain. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14(9): 952– 970.

9. Green AL, Shad A, Watson R, Nandi D, Yianni J, Aziz TZ. N‑ of‑ 1 Trials for Assessing the Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in Neuropathic Pain. Neuromodulation 2004; 7(2): 76– 81. doi: 10.1111/ j.1094- 7159.2004.04010.x.

10. Tsubokawa T, Katayama Y, Yamamoto T, Hirayama T, Koyama S. Chronic motor cortex stimulation in patients with thalamic pain. J Neurosurg 1993; 78(3): 393– 401.

11. Slavin KV. Technical aspects of peripheral nerve stimulation: hardware and complications. Prog Neurol Surg 2011; 24: 189– 202. doi: 10.1159/ 000323275.

12. Mayberg HS, Lozano AM, Voon V, McNeely HE, Seminowicz D, Hamani C et al. Deep brain stimulation for treatment resistant depression. Neuron 2005; 45(5): 651– 660.

13. Mallet L, Polosan M, Jaafari N, Baup N, Welter ML,Fontaine D et al. Subthalamic nucleus stimulation in severe obsessive‑ compulsive disorder. N Engl J Med 2008; 359(20): 2121– 2134. doi: 10.1056/ NEJMoa0708514.

14. Visser‑ Vanderwalle V. DBS in Tourette syndrome: rationale, current status and future prospects. Acta Neurochir 2007; 97 (Suppl 2): 215– 222.

15. Pereira E, Nandi D, Aziz T. Deep brain stimulation – an underused panacea. ACNR 2008; 8(4): 20– 24.

16. Lee GP, Bechara A, Adolphs R, Arena J, Meador KJ,Loring DW et al. Clinical and physiological effects of stereotactic bilateral amygdalotomy in intractable agression. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 1998; 10(4): 413– 420.

17. Sano K. Sedative neurosurgery with special reference for postero‑medial hypothalamotomy. Neurol Med Chir 1962; 4: 112– 142.

18. Torres CV, Sola RG, Pastor J, Pedrosa M, Navas M, Garcia‑ Navarrete E et al. Long‑term results of posteromedial hypothalamic deep brain stimulation for patients with resistant aggresiveness. J Neurosurg 2013; 119(2): 277– 287. doi: 10.3171/ 2013.4.JNS121639.

19. Franzini A, Marras C, Tringali G, Leone M, Ferroli P,Bussone G et al. Chronic high frequency stimulation of the posteromedial hypothalamus in facial pain syndromes and behaviour disorders. Acta Neurochir 2007; 97 (Suppl 2): 399– 406.

20. Hernando V, Pastor J, Pedrosa M, Pena E, Sola RG.Low frequency bilateral hypothalamic stimulation for treatment of drug‑resistat aggressiveness in a young man with mental retardation. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2008; 86(4): 219– 223. doi: 10.1159/ 000131659.

21. Franzini A, Messina G, Marras C, Villani F, Cordella R, Broggi G. Deep brain stimulation of two unconventional targets in refractory non resectable epilepsy. Stereotact Funct Neurosurg 2008; 86(6): 373– 381. doi: 10.1159/ 000175800.

22. Kuhn J, Lenartz D, Mai JK, Hurd W, Klosterkoetter J, Sturm V. Diapppearace of self‑ aggressive behavior in a brain injured patient after deep brain stimulation of the hypothalamus: technical case report. Neurosurgery 2008; 62(5): E1182. doi: 10.1227/ 01.neu.0000325889.84785.69.

23. Maley JH, Alvernia JE, Valle EP, Richardson D. Deep brain stimulation of the orbitofrontal projections for the treatment of intermittent explosive disorder. Neurosurg Focus 2010; 29(2): E11. doi: 10.3171/ 2010.5.FOCUS10102.

24. Locke M, Wu SS, Foote KD, Sassi M, Jacobson CE,Rodriguez RL et al. Weight changes in subthalamic nucleus vs globus pallidus internus deep brain stimulation: results from the COMPARE Parkinson disease deep brain stimulation cohort. Neurosurgery 2011; 68(5): 1233– 1237. doi: 10.1227/ NEU.0b013e31820b52c5.

25. Růžička F, Jech R, Nováková L, Urgošík D, Vymazal J, Růžička E. Weight gain is associated with media contact site of subthalamic stimulation in Parkinson’s disease. PLoS One 2012; 7(5): e38020. doi: 10.1371/ journal.pone.0038020.

26. Sun B, Liu W. Stereotactic surgery for eating disorders. Surg Neurol Int 2013; 4 (Suppl 3): S164– S169. doi: 10.4103/ 2152- 7806.110668.

27. Welkenhuysen M, Van Kuyck K, Das J, Sciot R,Nuttin B. Electrical model in the lateral hypothalamus in rats in the activity based anorexia model. Neurosurg Focus 2008; 25(1): E7. doi: 10.3171/ FOC/ 2008/ 25/ 7/ E7.

28. Wu H, Van Dyck‑ Lippens PJ, Santegoeds R, van Kuyck K, Gabriëls L, Lin G et al. Deep brain stimulation for anorexia nervosa. World Neurosurg 2013; 80(3– 4): e1– e10. doi: 10.1016/ j.wneu.2012.06.039.

29. Eth S. Stereotaxy for obesity. Lancet 1974; 1(7862): 867– 868.

30. Hamani C, McAndrews MP, Cohn M, Oh M, Zumsteg D, Shapiro CM et al. Memory enhancement induced by hypothalamic/ fornix deep brain stimulation. Ann Neurol 2008; 63(1): 119– 123. doi: 10.1002/ ana.21295.

31. Whiting DM, Tomycz ND, Bailes J, de Jonge L, Lecoultre V, Wilent B et al. Lateral hypothalamic area deep brain stimulation for refraktory obesity: a pilot study with preliminary data on safety, body weight and energy metabolism. J Neurosurg 2013; 119(1): 56– 63. doi: 10.3171/ 2013.2.JNS12903.

32. Green AL, Wang S, Bittar RG, Owen SL, Paterson DJ, Stein JF et al. Deep brain stimulation: a new treatment for hypertension? J Clin Neurosci 2007; 14(6): 592– 595.

33. Pereira EA, Wang S, Paterson DJ, Stein JF, Aziz TZ,Green AL. Sustained reduction of hypertension by deep brain stimulation. J Clin Neurosci 2010; 17(1): 124– 127. doi: 10.1016/ j.jocn.2009.02.041.

34. Farkas E, Jansen AS, Loewy AD. Periaqueductal gray matter input to cardiac‑related sympathetic promotor neurons. Brain Res 1998; 792(2): 179– 192.

35. Patel NK, Javed S, Khan S, Papouchado M, Malizia AL, Pickering AE et al. Deep brain stimulation relieves refraktory hypertension. Neurology 2011; 76(4): 405– 407. doi: 10.1212/ WNL.0b013e3182088108.

36. Zrinzo L, Foltynie T, Limousin P, Hariz MI. Reducing hemorrhagic complications in functional neurosurgery: a large case series and systematic literature review. J Neurosurg 2012; 116(1): 84– 94. doi: 10.3171/ 2011.8.JNS101407.

37. Schiff ND, Giacino JT, Kalmar K, Victor JD, Baker K,Gerber M et al. Behavioural improvements with thalamic stimulation after severe traumatic brain injury. Nature 2007; 448(7153): 600– 603.

38. Yamamoto T, Katayama Y. Deep brain stimulation therapy for the vegetative state. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2005; 15(3– 4): 406– 413.

39. Laxton AW, Lozano AM. Deep brain stimulation for the treatment of Alzheimer disease and dementias. World Neurosurg 2012; 80 (Suppl 27): e1– e8.

40. Laxton AW, Tang‑ Wai DF, McAndrews MP, Zumsteg D, Wennberg R, Keren R et al. A phase I trial of deep brain stimulation of memory circuits in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 2010; 68(4): 521– 534. doi: 10.1002/ ana.22089.

41. Hardenacke K, Kuhn J, Lenartz D, Maarouf M, Mai JK, Bartsch C et al. Stimulate or degenerate: deep brain stimulation of the nucleus basalis Meynert in Alzheimer dementia. World Neurosurg 2012; 80 (Suppl 27): e17– e24. doi: 10.1016/ j.wneu.2012.12.005.

42. Turnbull IM, McGeer PL, Beattie L, Calne D, Pate B.Stimulation of the basal nucleus of Meynert in senile dementia of Alzheimer‘s type: a preliminary report. Appl Neurophysiol 1985; 48(1– 6): 216– 221.

43. Freund HJ, Kuhn J, Lenartz D, Mai JK, Schnell T, Klosterkoetter J et al. Cognitive functions in a patient with Parkinson‑ dementia syndrome undergoing deep brain stimulation. Arch Neurol 2009; 66(6): 781– 785. doi: 10.1001/ archneurol.2009.102.

44. Roeder FD. Stereotaxic lesions of the tuber cinereum in sexual deviations. Confin Neurol 1962; 27(1): 162– 163.

45. Koob GF, Volkow ND. Neurocircuitry of addiction.Neuropsychopharmacology 2010, 35(1): 217– 238. doi: 10.1038/ npp.2009.110.

46. Luigjes J, van den Brink WJ, Feenstra M, van den Munckhof P, Schuurman PR, Schippers R et al. Deep brain stimulation in addiction: a review od potential brain targets. Mol Psychiatry 2012, 17(6), 572– 583. doi: 10.1038/ mp.2011.114.

47. Hall W, Carter A. Is deep brain stimulation a prospective „cure“ for addiction? F1000 Medicine reports 2011; 3: 4 [online]. Available from URL: http:/ / www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/ articles/ PMC3042315.

48. Witjas T, Baunez C, Henry JM, Delfini M, Regis J, Cherif AA et al. Addiction in Parkinson ’s disease: impact of subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation. Mov Disord 2005; 20(8): 1052– 1055.

49. Ardouin C, Voon V, Worbe Y, Abouazar N, Czernecki V, Hosseini H et al. Pathological gambling in Parkinson’s disease improves on chronic subthalamic nucleus stimulation. Mov Disord 2006; 21(11): 1941– 1946.

50. Smeding HM, Goudriaan AE, Foncke EM, Schuurman PR, Speelman JD, Schmand B. Pathological gambling after bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation in Parkinson disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78(5): 517– 519.

51. Kuhn J, Bauer R, Pohpl S, Lenartz D, Huff W, Kim EH et al. Observation on unaided smoking cessation after deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens. Eur Addict Res 2009; 15(4): 196– 201. doi: 10.1159/ 000228930.

52. Kuhn J, Lenartz D, Huff W, Lee S, Koulousakis A,Klosterkoetter J et al. Remission of alcohol dependency following deep brain stimulation of the nucleus accumbens: valuable therapeutic implications? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007; 78(10): 1152– 1153.

53. Müller UJ, Sturm V, Voges J, Heinze HJ, Galazky I,Heldman M et al. Successful treatment of chronic resistant alcoholism by deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens: first experience with three cases. Pharmacopsychiatry 2009; 42(6): 288– 291. doi: 10.1055/ s‑ 0029– 1233489.

54. Voges J, Müller U, Bogerts B, Münte T, Heinze HJ. Deep brain stimulation surgery for alcohol addiction. World Neurosurg 2012; 80 (Suppl 28): e21– e31. doi: 10.1016/ j.wneu.2012.07.011.

55. Guo L, Zhou H, Wang R, Xu J, Zhou W, Zhang F et al. DBS of nucleus accumbens on heroin seeking behaviors in self‑ administering rats. Drug Alcohol Depend 2013; 129(1– 2): 70– 81. doi: 10.1016/ j.drugalcdep.2012.09.012.

56. Zhou H, Xu J, Jiang J. Deep brain stimulation of nucleus accumbens on heroin seeking behaviour: a case report. Biol Psychiatry 2011; 69(11): e41– 42. doi: 10.1016/ j.biopsych.2011.02.012.

57. Valencia‑ Alfonso CE, Luigjes J, Smolders R, Cohen MX,Levar N, Mazaheri A et al. Effective deep brain stimulation in heroin addiction: a case report with complementary intracranial electroencephalogram. Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 71(8): e35– 37. doi: 10.1016/ j.biopsych.2011.12.013.

58. Freed CR, Greene PE, Breeze RE, Tsai WY, DuMouchel W, Kao R et al. Transplantation of embryonic dopamine neurons for severe Parkinson’s disease. N Engl J Med 2001; 344(10): 710– 719.