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Comparison of the serum levels of heavy/light chain pairs of immunoglobulin (Hevylite™) and analysis of parameters of bone metabolism in patients with multiple myeloma.


Authors: P. Krhovská 1;  Z. Heřmanová 2;  P. Petrová 3;  J. Zapletalová 4;  T. Pika 1;  J. Bačovský 1;  V. Ščudla 1;  J. Minařík 1
Authors‘ workplace: Hemato-onkologická klinika LF UP a FN Olomouc 1;  Ústav imunologie, LF UP a FN Olomouc 2;  Oddělení klinické biochemie FN a LF UP Olomouc 3;  Ústav lékařské biofyziky, LF UP Olomouc 4
Published in: Klin. Biochem. Metab., 25, 2017, No. 1, p. 13-17

Overview

Objective:
Our aim was to assess serum levels of heavy/light chain pairs of immunoglobulin (HLC) and to compare them with the parameters of myeloma bone disease (MBD) signaling in patients with multiple myeloma (MM).

Materials and methods:
Our 55 patients cohort consisted of patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma, 37 with the presence of M-protein IgG and 18 with the presence of M-protein IgA. At the time of diagnosis we measured serum levels of heavy/light chain pairs of immunoglobulin (using Hevylite™ technique) and involved/uninvolved heavy chain ratio (HLC-r) in comparison with serum levels of parameters of MBD signaling and bone marrow microenvironment: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), Macrophage inflammatory factor 1 (MIP-1), syndecan-1/CD138 (SYN), Dickkopf-1-related protein (DKK-1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), Activin A, Annexin A2, Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). We also investigated the relationship between the level of HLC and the extent of MM evaluated by Durie-Salmon staging system (D-S).

Results:
Serum levels of heavy/light chain pairs of immunoglobulin were found to correlate with some parameters of bone microenvironment: We found significant relationship of HLC IgG-κ and HLC-r to HGF (correlation coefficient - cc=0.424, p=0.044) and also the relationship between HLC IgA-κ and HLC-r to OPG (cc=0.697, p=0.025). All the other parameters of MBD were independent of HLC levels, and there was no relationship of HLC levels to the extent of MM assessed by D-S.

Conclusion:
Hevylite™ method is a perspective auxiliary diagnostic test in multiple myeloma. Our results document the relationship of serum levels of HLC and selected indicators of MBD independent of the extent on the disease. The assessment of HLC therefore seems to be a promising tool also for the assessment of the relationship to myeloma bone disease.

Keywords:
multiple myeloma, levels of heavy/light chains of immunoglobulin, pairs of heavy/light chains of immunoglobulin, Hevylite, myeloma bone disease, bone marrow microenvironment.


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