Probiotic L. reuteri in combination with vitamin D3 and krill oil suppresses experimental intestinal inflammation
Previous placebo-controlled studies have shown that oral administration of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri is associated with a significant increase in plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. According to a recent experimental work, the combination of this probiotic with vitamin D3 and krill oil leads to the suppression of intestinal mucosal inflammation.
The current research on the treatment of intestinal inflammations also focuses on non-pharmacological approaches. The aim of the 2018 study by Italian authors was to evaluate the combined effects of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil in suppressing intestinal inflammation in vitro and in vivo.
Research Methodology
For the in vitro experiment, cell lines derived from colorectal cancer CACO2 and HT29 were used. Inflammation was induced by the action of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). The cell lines were exposed either to the action of the pro-inflammatory cytokines alone, to the action of the inflammatory cytokines + the combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil, or to the action of the combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil alone. The expression of F-actin was assessed using the immunofluorescence method, wound healing was assessed using the scratch test and transepithelial electrical resistance examination, adhesion/invasion of adherent invasive E. coli (AIEC) and the expression of receptors for TNF-a, interleukin IL-8, and vitamin D were assessed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
For the in vivo experiment, the authors chose mice of the common laboratory strain C57BL/6. To induce acute colitis, the animals were fed for 7 days with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or DSS + the combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil. The body weight of the animals, clinical score, and histological score, the weight and length of the intestine, the expression of mRNA TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 using quantitative PCR, and the expression of receptors for vitamin D using quantitative PCR and the immunohistochemical method were assessed.
Results
In vitro: The combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil led to the restoration of adhesion between epithelial cells and the healing of the intestinal mucosa in induced inflammation, reduced the adhesiveness and invasiveness of AIEC, and the expression of mRNA TNF-α and IL-8, and increased the expression of receptors for vitamin D.
In vivo: Administration of the combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil in mice with colitis was associated with a significant increase in body weight, improvement in clinical and histological scores, greater intestine length, reduced expression of mRNA TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased expression of mRNA IL-10 and receptors for vitamin D.
Conclusion
The combination of L. reuteri, vitamin D3, and krill oil has significant effects on the intestinal mucosa, strongly suppresses inflammation, increases epithelial cohesion, and reduces the pathogenicity of harmful commensal bacteria.
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Sources:
1. Costanzo M., Cesi V., Palone F. et al. Krill oil, vitamin D and Lactobacillus reuteri cooperate to reduce gut inflammation. Benef Microbes 2018; 9 (3): 389−399, doi: 10.3920/BM2017.0078.
2. Jones M. L., Martoni C. J., Prakash S. Oral supplementation with probiotic L. reuteri NCIMB 30242 increases mean circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D: a post hoc analysis of a randomized controlled trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98 (7): 2944−2951, doi: 10.1210/jc.2012-4262.
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