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News H₂FPEF Score for Estimating the Probability of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction in Persons with Unexplained Dyspnea
The simple, validated H₂FPEF scoring system based on clinical and echocardiographic parameters, developed by experts from the Mayo Clinic, allows the differentiation of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) from dyspnea of other etiologies and helps decide whether further examinations are necessary. The score can be calculated online and in the Czech language.
News Trazodone with Extended Release Improves Patient Compliance
Since 2015, the antidepressant trazodone is available in the Czech Republic in a controlled-release formulation. A sufficiently high plasma level for 24 hours without fluctuation allows for administration only once a day, while eliminating side effects.
News Current Insights into the Etiology of Community Pneumonia: Pneumococci Still Leading?
The etiology of community-acquired pneumonias has undergone certain changes since the beginning of the antibiotic era. According to current guidelines, it is still recommended to initiate empirical antibiotic therapy upon diagnosing community-acquired pneumonia. However, there are certain concerns associated with the recommendation of empirical antibiotic therapy, especially regarding the increasing occurrence of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The aim of the study presented below was to specify the most frequently isolated pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia between 1945 and 2020.
News What Effect Can Be Expected from Limosilactobacillus reuteri in Mucositis and Peri-Implantitis?
A Spanish clinical study monitored the effect of administering probiotics as an adjunct therapy to non-surgical mechanical treatment of peri-implantitis. What did the study show regarding the effect on microbiome composition and overall clinical picture when a preparation containing Limosilactobacillus reuteri Prodentis was administered?
News Fexofenadine – Non-Sedative and Immunomodulatory Antihistamine in the Treatment of Allergic Symptoms
One of the biggest limitations of traditional antihistamines is the sedative effect on the central nervous system. Newer antihistamines do not cause sedation, are not associated with serious side effects, and some also have immunomodulatory effects.
News Concise and Practical Recommendations for Optimal Care of Dental Prostheses
Millions of people around the world use full or partial dental prostheses. However, there are no standardized global procedures with guidelines on how to care for dental prostheses. Dentists and professional organizations, however, agree on one thing – the prosthesis must be cleaned regularly. The following practical recommendations are based on existing evidence and clinical studies that outline the best practices for cleaning dental prostheses.
News Bacterial Community Pneumonia and Its Treatment in Children
Bacterial infections remain a significant cause of child morbidity and mortality. The authors of a recent review published in the journal Pediatric Drugs focused on the treatment of complicated infections in the pediatric population. Here we bring a brief summary concerning community-acquired pneumonia.
News Cardiovascular Risks in Schizophrenics: What Are They Related To and How To Eliminate Them?
Schizophrenia affects about 1% of the population. This disease is associated, among other things, with increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. What is the cause and what to focus on in primary prevention?
News Epilepsy with Generalized Tonic-Clonic Seizures in an Adolescent Patient – A Case Study
This is the story of Anička, a 16-year-old girl who has been treated for epilepsy since she was 14. Her condition is accompanied by generalized tonic-clonic seizures, which may need to be managed acutely with rescue medication, either at home or at school. Instead of the previously used rectally administered diazepam, a new, safer and more comfortable option for rescue medication is now available: buccally administered midazolam. This modality may also help alleviate anxiety and other psychological impacts related to the condition, as illustrated by our case study.
News What a General Practitioner Needs to Know About Gliflozins
The revolutionary benefits of gliflozins have completely changed the perspective on the choice of pharmacotherapy for diabetes. They have attracted not only diabetologists but also cardiologists and nephrologists after the favorable effects of this group of drugs on heart failure and renal functions were demonstrated even in patients without diabetes. Dapagliflozin and empagliflozin were subsequently included in recommendations for the treatment of heart failure regardless of the presence of diabetes. Dapagliflozin has also been approved for the treatment of patients with chronic kidney disease.
News Trazodone in the Treatment of Depressive Disorder – A Case Study
Presented by MUDr. Sylva Racková, Ph.D.
Psychiatric Clinic, Plzeň
News Mucormycosis Associated with COVID-19 – Case Report and Review of Current Knowledge
Systemic corticosteroids are among the treatments used for patients with severe COVID-19. These patients are at increased risk of opportunistic bacterial and fungal infections. Pulmonary aspergillosis is particularly serious, while mucormycosis is relatively rare.
News Diosmin and Hesperidin: What Does Pharmacokinetics Show?
Flavonoids are plant-derived compounds that have a number of beneficial pharmacological effects. Among the most well-known flavonoids, alongside rutin, are diosmin and hesperidin, which are used as venotonics and vasoprotectives in chronic venous insufficiency (CVI).
News The Potential of Vinpocetine in the Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases
Vinpocetine is a nootropic indicated for the symptomatic treatment of cerebral ischemic hypoperfusion, vascular dementia, and reducing the psychological and neurological consequences of cerebral blood supply disorders. Due to its excellent safety profile, tolerance, and complex mechanism of action, it is currently being studied in experimental models of various disorders such as obesity and cardiovascular (CV) diseases including atherosclerosis, neointimal hyperplasia, vasoconstriction, pathological heart remodeling, and ischemic stroke (iCMP). We present an overview of the research findings on vinpocetine in CV diseases.
News Teriflunomide vs. Dimethyl Fumarate in Real Practice: We Know the Winner! Will It Surprise You?
Teriflunomide and dimethyl fumarate are disease-modifying drugs (DMDs) used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS). Regarding the course, form, and severity of MS, their target groups are comparable in their characteristics. These DMDs are therefore ideal candidates for mutual comparison. Swedish authors decided to compare their effectiveness based on data from real clinical practice obtained through the Swedish National Registry.
News Adverse effects of antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia negatively affect cognitive functions
Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by a wide range of symptoms, with cognitive dysfunctions being one of its domains. Antipsychotics (APs) are used for treatment, but their effectiveness in improving cognitive functions is unclear, and they can simultaneously worsen cognition through their adverse metabolic effects, leading to a reduced lifespan for patients with schizophrenia.
News Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in the Global Population During the COVID-19 Pandemic
A cross-sectional study assessed the prevalence and rate of depression, anxiety, and stress among individuals from various countries around the world during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and initial measures to combat the spread of the infection. The impacts on individual subgroups of the population were also analyzed.
News Deficit dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase and its association with 5-fluorouracil toxicity
Deficit dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is a risk factor for severe toxicity of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Below, we summarize current knowledge regarding the identification of patients with pathogenic variants of the DPYD gene and study results concerning the safety of therapy with respect to dose individualization based on genotyping.
News Teriflunomide vs. Dimethyl Fumarate: Does Their Classification into Different Treatment Lines Have Merit?
Teriflunomide is one of the first-choice medications in the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients, not only in the Czech Republic. Conversely, the use of dimethyl fumarate is more limited here compared to other countries. Did the data from real-world clinical practice published this year actually demonstrate differences in the efficacy of both medications, and thus justify their classification?
News Discontinuation of Methotrexate After Initiation of Tofacitinib in the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis
New real-world data show that in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who started treatment with tofacitinib combined with oral methotrexate (MTX), it is possible to discontinue MTX and achieve the same treatment results as with its continued use, additionally at lower costs.