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News Current Recommendations for Using SGLT2 Inhibitors in Patients with Renal or Cardiovascular Risk
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is a serious chronic metabolic disease whose prevalence has been increasing in recent years. Currently, diabetics make up approximately 8−10% of the population. The therapy is traditionally focused primarily on suppressing the development and progression of diabetic complications, but modern antidiabetics have also brought other unprecedented benefits. The following text summarizes the role of gliflozins in the pharmacotherapy of DM2 in light of current recommendations.
News Can Ketogenic Diet or Intermittent Fasting Help Patients with DM2 in Controlling Weight and Glycemia?
The foundation of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) typically involves lifestyle adjustments, including dietary changes. Can intermittent fasting (IF) or the ketogenic diet (KD), popular dietary trends, help diabetics with weight loss and reduction of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels? The answer was sought by authors of a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing IF or KD with other dietary regimes.
News Inosine Pranobex in the Treatment of Cervical HPV Infections
The aim of the review article published in the journal Infection and Drug Resistance was to evaluate the available data on the potential use of inosine pranobex in the treatment of patients with a positive human papillomavirus finding in a cervical smear.
News The Benefit of Liposomal Irinotecan in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer in a Young Patient – A Case Study
Pancreatic tumors continue to be a challenge in modern oncology. Due to the asymptomatic nature of early stages, most cases are diagnosed in advanced stages. The five-year survival rate of patients does not even reach 10%, and up to half of patients with metastatic pancreatic cancer never make it to the second line of systemic therapy due to the rapid deterioration of their overall clinical condition. In a case study from her own practice, Dr. Marie Beneš Kočová from the Oncology Department of České Budějovice Hospital shared her experience with the treatment of a relatively early-detected disease in a young patient.
News The Brain, Too, Has Its Midlife Crisis. How Do These Changes Relate to the Risk of Dementia in Old Age?
The human brain undergoes rapid changes during certain developmental periods. Childhood, adolescence, and advanced old age undoubtedly belong to these. For much of adulthood, it seems that nothing much actually happens. However, it turns out that the brain’s clock begins to accelerate around 40–50 years of age. What impact do these gradual changes have on our future health?
News New Natural Method for Prevention and Treatment of House Dust Mite Allergy
House dust mites are among the most common triggers of respiratory allergies. Until now, therapy has primarily focused on alleviating allergy symptoms. The aim of the new natural-based method is to eliminate the etiology of the issues, specifically the house dust mites themselves.
News Use of Targeted Therapy with Dupilumab in Patients with Allergic Diseases
Interleukins (IL) 4 and 13 play an important role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Their blockade is therefore a suitable strategy for a number of these conditions. This is offered by the new monoclonal antibody dupilumab (Dupixent), which is approved for the treatment of atopic dermatitis, asthma with type 2 inflammation, and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Studies are ongoing to evaluate its efficacy in other diseases where type 2 inflammation predominates.
News Asthma and Prognosis of Patients with COVID-19
The impact of asthma, its severity, and treatment on the prognosis of patients infected with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus was examined in an observational study published this spring.
News Current Insights into the Antispasmodic and Analgesic Effects of Metamizole on the Gastrointestinal Tract
Brazilian authors published a review of available information on the mechanism of action of metamizole, its impact on gastrointestinal tract motility, its effect on the gastric mucosa, and its antispasmodic effects.
News Interchangeability of Diosmin and Micronized Purified Flavonoid Fraction
Among the medicinal products reimbursed for chronic venous disease, those containing micronized diosmin (Diozen 180 tbl.) have been newly included. Which substances are available for this indication, and what determined the interchangeability of micronized diosmin with micronized purified flavonoid fraction (MPFF) and other selected venotonics stabilizing capillaries?
News Why does the heart enlarge? Myosin mutation and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may be the culprits
The genetic basis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy was discovered only about a quarter-century ago. Since then, researchers have gathered a wealth of knowledge about the effects of causal mutations. Today, new drugs are available that directly target the molecular basis of the disease. The following text explains how mutations in heart muscle proteins are linked to myocardial hypertrophy.
News Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia and Their Assessment
Schizophrenia is a serious psychiatric disorder with a prevalence of up to 1%. It can manifest with both negative and positive symptoms. We briefly summarize the clinical assessment and rating scales of negative symptoms in the following text.
News Mechanisms of Cardioprotective Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors
Inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2i, gliflozins) are a relatively new group of medications used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Their clinical use is supported by the results of extensive clinical studies, which have particularly demonstrated their cardioprotective and renoprotective effects.
News Metamizole – wide possibilities of an analgesic with a unique mechanism of action and different routes of administration
Metamizole is a non-addictive pyrazolone analgesic with antipyretic effects, which differs from other non-opioid analgesics by its spasmolytic action. It is indicated in monotherapy and in combinations for the treatment of severe acute and chronic pain. Its high analgesic efficacy is evidenced by a low number of patients needed to treat to achieve at least 50% pain relief in 4-6 hours. The favorable safety profile of metamizole is supported by more than 100 years of clinical experience.
News Dabigatran vs. Warfarin: What and Why Do Patients Prefer?
The key to adherence to long-term anticoagulant therapy is primarily the satisfaction of patients with the set therapy. The RE-SONANCE study published in April 2021 compared patient satisfaction with anticoagulant treatment using the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) dabigatran versus vitamin K antagonists (VKAs). What were the findings?
News CASE STUDIES: Treatment Options for Wounds in Cancer Patients
Wounds arising due to generalized cancerous diseases or their treatments require specific procedures to support healing. To illustrate, we select three brief case studies from our practice, accompanied by rich visual material.
News Colours of Sepsis 2023: Antimicrobial Stewardship is a Necessity. The Spectrum of Effective Antimicrobial Modalities has Expanded to Include Another Combination
Inappropriate antibiotic (ATB) treatment is associated with high mortality, while unrestricted use of broad-spectrum antibiotics drives resistance development. Thus, the decision to deploy antibiotics becomes a choice between the current and future patient. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is an essential strategy in daily operations. Extending the spectrum of antimicrobial agents is equally crucial in combatting resistant bacterial strains. A symposium on this theme was part of the expert program at this year's 'festival of intensive medicine' Colours of Sepsis, held in late January in Ostrava.
News Can We Lump All Gabapentinoids Together?
General practitioners often encounter peripheral neuropathic pain in their practice. One of the primary modalities for treating both painful diabetic neuropathy and postherpetic neuralgia is gabapentinoids, specifically gabapentin and pregabalin. Are these substances completely interchangeable, or do their efficacy and practical application differ?
News Probiotic L. reuteri in combination with vitamin D3 and krill oil suppresses experimental intestinal inflammation
Previous placebo-controlled studies have shown that oral administration of a probiotic containing Lactobacillus reuteri is associated with a significant increase in plasma levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D. According to a recent experimental work, the combination of this probiotic with vitamin D3 and krill oil leads to the suppression of intestinal mucosal inflammation.
News Effect of Beta-Blockers on Glucose Metabolism and Their Use in Diabetics with Hypoglycemic Episodes
Beta-blockers, through their mechanism of action, can lead to the deepening or direct initiation of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. The study presented below, published last year, evaluated the impact of beta-blocker treatment, their selectivity, and the predisposition of patients to hypoglycemia on the risk of mortality.