The combined effect of refractory ceramic fibres and cigarette smoke in terms of selected inflammatory and cytotoxic parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage and histologic findings in the experiment

Czech version

Authors: M. Hurbánková ¹; S. Černá ¹; M. Beňo ¹; E. Tátrai ²; S. Wimmerová ¹; Z. Kováčiková ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Slovenská zdravotnícka univerzita v Bratislave, Laboratórium respiračnej toxikológie, Bratislava, Slovenská republika, vedúca pracoviska doc. MUDr. Marta Hurbánková, PhD., 2National Institute of Environmental Health, Budapest, Hungary ¹
Published in: Pracov. Lék., 62, 2010, No. 3, s. 102-108.
Category: Original Papers

Overview

Refractory ceramic fibers (RCF) are used as one kind of asbestos substitutes. Since RCF are relatively stable in the organism and some RCF are respirable, they may represent a potential health hazard by inhalation. The increased risk of lung diseases including lung cancer of asbestos-exposed workers is further increased by tobacco smoking. Some epidemiological studies suggest that the risk from combined exposure is more than additive (in many cases combined exposure induces synergistic effect). From this reason we wanted to know if the similar effect is seen after combined exposure to RCF + cigrette smoke, as is described after combined exposure to asbestos and cigarette smoke. The aim of the study was: 1. to find out and compare the effects of subchronic exposure to RCF, cigarette smoke (CS) and combined exposure to RCF+CS by inflammatory and cytotoxic parameters of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL); 2. to find out if smoking amplifies the possible adverse effect of RCF as it is known after combined exposure to asbestos + CS. Wistar rats were: 1. intratracheally instilled (i. t.) by saline solution (0.4 ml) – control group; 2. i. t. instilled by 4 mg of RCF; 3. exposed only to cigarette smoke (CS); 4. exposed to RCF+CS. After 6 months BAL was perfomed. Following BAL parameters were examined: The differential cell count (% of alveolar macrophages – AM, % of polymorphonuclears – PMN, % of lymphocytes – LY); the proportion of immature AM; the percentage of binucleate cells; the viability, the phagocytic activity of AM and histology of lung tissue. The results of our work suggest: 1. the high biopersistence of the RCF; 2. serious inflammatory and cytotoxic changes in lung parameters after subchronic exposure to RCF or cigarette smoke and 3. amplification of RCF effect by cigarettte smoke; 4. histological findings of lung tissue evaluated using the Wagner scale showed that exposure to RCF as well as the combined effect of smoking caused the fibrosis stage; 5. the mere inhalation of cigarette smoke did not induce fibrotic changes in lung tissue.

Key words:
lung diseases, smoking impact, RCF exposure, Wistar rats

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Labels

Hygiene and epidemiology Hyperbaric medicine Occupational medicine

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Occupational Medicine

2010 Issue 3