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proLékaře.cz / Journals / Internal Medicine / 2018 - 11

Sarcopenia as a severe organ failure, its diagnosing and present therapeutic possibilities

Czech version

Authors: Eva Topinková
Authors‘ workplace: Geriatrická klinika 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2018; 64(11): 1038-1052
Category:

Overview

Sarcopenia is defined as generalized and progressive age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance below a defined threshold. In sarcopenia skeletal muscle mass – the largest body organ – is failing in its function and the term „muscle failure“ was suggested. Sarcopeniat is now recognized as a serious clinical problem compromising healthy aging concept and quality of life of affected older people. Sarcopenia has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, which involves not only age-related changes in neuromuscular function, muscle protein turnover, and hormone levels and sensitivity, but also a chronic pro-inflammatory state, oxidative stress, and behavioral factors – particularly nutritional status and degree of physical activity. The paper provides detailed review of screening and diagnostic methods and consensus-based cut off values and biomarkers of potential patophysiologic mechanisms involved in sarcopenia development in individual patient. Further, detailed description of current preventive and therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia is included. These involve structured physical activities, namely progressive resistance training and aerobic activities which prevent muscle loss and improve muscle performance. The effect of exercise is enhanced by nutritional supplementation, particularly through proteoanabolic effect of proteins and some amino acids. There are no currently registered drugs with indication of sarcopenia but there are promising substances in higher phases of clinical trials (such as antimyostatin human monoclonal antibodies, selective androgen receptor modulators) which have the potential to be introduced into clinical practice soon. Conclusions Sarcopenia is a new clinical diagnosis of organ failure of the skeletal muscle function leading to multiple adverse health outcomes. Physicians should be aware of clinical symptoms and diagnostic algorithm and target treatment according to sarcopenia leading causes.

Key words:

clinical diagnosis and treatment – muscle failure – muscle mass, strength and function – sarcopenia

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Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicine
Arterial hypertension in the elderly
Thyroid disease in the elderly
Diabetes mellitus in complex older patients
Anticoagulant therapy in the elderly
Statin therapy in elderly patients
Specific features of rational geriatric pharmacotherapy: the role of clinical pharmacists in individualized drug treatment in older age
Nutritional support in geriatric patients: the ESPEN new recommended guidelines
Electrolyte and water disorders in old age
The geriatric patient and surgery
Risk factors for hospitalization among older persons
Falls: a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in elderly people
Overactive urinary bladder in elderly female patients: treatment specificities and drug interactions
Thermoregulatory disorders and their significance in the elderly
Chronic non-healing wounds in geriatrics
Do the test results of cognitive function and activities of daily life of seniors correlate with the state of vitamin D supply to the organism?
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Internal Medicine

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2018 Issue 11
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