Management of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetes

Czech version

Authors: Zbynek Schroner
Authors‘ workplace: Lekárska fakulta, Univerzita Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach
Published in: Diab Obez 2024; 24(48): 107-111
Category: Reviews

Overview

Hyperuricemia has high prevalence in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is an evidence of significant association among hyperuricemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome and increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. To five steps in management of hyperuricemia in cardiovascular prevention belong: examination of uric acid levels and index sUA/sCR, optimalisation of existing therapy, change of life style, initiating therapy with xanthine oxidase inhibitors, modifying dose to target value and keeping target level of uric acid.

Keywords:

type 2 diabetes mellitus – hyperuricemia – management of hyperuricemia

Sources

Jackuliak P, Payer J. Hyperurikémia a diabetes mellitus. Forum Diab 2019; 8(1): 15–20.

Vrablík M, Borghi C, Rosolová H et al. Diagnostika a léčba hyperurikemie v kardiovaskulární prevenci na základě patofyziologického mechanismu jejího vzniku. Expertní konsenzus českých a slovenských odborníků. 2024. AtheroRev 2024; 9(2): 61–71.

Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. [2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension]. Kardiol Pol 2019; 77(2): 71–159. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.5603/KP.2019.0018>.

Mancia G, Kreutz R, Brunström M et al. 2023 ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension The Task Force for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension: Endorsed by the International Society of Hypertension (ISH) and the European Renal Association (ERA). J Hypertens 2023; 41(12): 1874–2071. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003480>. Erratum in J Hypertens 2024; 42(1): 194. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003621>.

Williams B, Mancia G, Spiering W et al. 2018 Practice Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension of the European Society of Hypertension and the European Society of Cardiology: ESH/ESC Task Force for the Management of Arterial Hypertension. J Hypertens 2018; 36(12): 2284–2309. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000001961>. Erratum in J Hypertens 2019; 37(2): 456. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002026>.

Unger T, Borghi C, Charchar F et al. 2020 International Society of Hypertension global hypertension practice guidelines. J Hypertens 2020; 38(6): 982–1004. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000002453>.

Virdis A, Masi S, Casiglia E et al. Identification of the uric acid thresholds predicting an increased total and cardiovascular mortality over 20 years. Hypertension 2020; 75(2): 302–308. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13643>.

Bos MJ, Koudstaal PJ, Hofman A et al. Uric acid is a risk factor for myocardial infarction and stroke: the Rotterdam study. Stroke 2006; 37(6): 1503–1507. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.STR.0000221716.55088.d4>.

Lv Q, Meng XF, He FF et al. High serum uric acid and increased risk of type 2 diabetes: a systemic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. PLoS One 2013; 8(2): e56864. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056864>.

Han T, Lan L, Qu R et al. Temporal Relationship Between Hyperuricemia and Insulin Resistance and Its Impact on Future Risk of Hypertension. Hypertension 2017; 70(4): 703–711. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.117.09508>.

Li B, Chen L, Hu X et al. Association of Serum Uric Acid With All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46(2): 425–433. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc22–1339>.

Drosos GC, Vedder D, Houben E et al. EULAR recommendations for cardiovascular risk management in rheumatic and musculoskeletal diseases, including systemic lupus erythematosus and antiphospholipid syndrome. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81(6): 768–779. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021–221733>.

Sato Y, Feig DI, Stack AG et al. The case for uric acid-lowering treatment in patients with hyperuricaemia and CKD. Nat Rev Nephrol 2019; 15(12): 767–775. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41581–019–0174-z>.

Wu N, Xia J, Chen S et al. Serum uric acid and risk of incident chronic kidney disease: a national cohort study and updated meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2021; 18(1): 94. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986–021–00618–4>.

Johnson RJ, Sanchez Lozada LG et al. Uric Acid and Chronic Kidney Disease: Still More to Do. Kidney Int Rep 2022; 8(2): 229–239. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ekir.2022.11.016>.

Cohen E, Krause I, Fraser A et.al. Hyperuricemia an metabolic syndrome: lessons from a large cohort from Israel. Isr Med Assoc 2012; 14(11): 676–680.

Desideri G, Borghi C. Xanthine oxidase inhibition and cardiovascular protection: Don‘t shoot in the dark. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 113: 10–12. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2023.04.006>.

Casiglia E, Tikhonoff V, Virdis A et al. [Working Group on Uric Acid and Cardiovascular Risk of the Italian Society of Hypertension (SIIA)]. Serum uric acid / serum creatinine ratio as a predictor of cardiovascular events. Detection of prognostic cardiovascular cut-off values. J Hypertens 2023; 41(1): 180–186. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000003319>.

Kotozaki Y, Satoh M, Tanno K et al. Plasma Xanthine Oxidoreductase Activity Is Associated with a High Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in a General Japanese Population. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18(4): 1894. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041894>.

Borghi C, Rosei EA, Bardin T et al. Serum uric acid and the risk of cardiovascular and renal disease. J Hypertens 2015; 33(9): 1729–1741. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/HJH.0000000000000701>.

Puig JG, Martínez MA. Hyperuricemia, gout and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2008; 20(2): 187–191. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/BOR.0b013e3282f4b1ed>.

Yu KH, Kuo CF, Luo SF et al. Risk of end-stage renal disease associated with gout: a nationwide population study. Arthritis Res Ther 2012; 14(2): R83. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/ar3806>.

Abbott RD, Brand FN, Kannel WB et al. Gout and coronary heart disease: the Framingham Study. J Clin Epidemiol 1988; 41(3): 237–242. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0895–4356(88)90127–8>.

De Vera MA, Rahman MM, Bhole V et al. Independent impact of gout on the risk of acute myocardial infarction among elderly women: a population-based study. Ann Rheum Dis 2010; 69(6): 1162–1164. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ard.2009.122770>.

Matsumura K, Arima H, Tominaga M et al. Effect of losartan on serum uric acid in hypertension treated with a diuretic: the COMFORT study. Clin Exp Hypertens 2015; 37(3): 192–196. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10641963.2014.933968>.

Jacob RA, Spinozzi GM, Simon VA et al. Consumption of cherries lowers plasma urate in healthy women. J Nutr 2003; 133(6): 1826–1829. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/133.6.1826>.

Ralston SH, Capell HA, Sturrock RD. Alcohol and response to treatment of gout. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1988; 296(6637): 1641–1642. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.296.6637.1641-a>.

Richette P, Poitou C, Manivet P et al. Weight loss, xanthine oxidase, and serum urate levels: a prospective longitudinal study of obese patients. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken) 2016; 68(7): 1036–1042. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acr.22798>.

Chen JH, Wen CP, Wu SB et al. Attenuating the mortality risk of high serum uric acid: the role of physical activity underused. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 74(11): 2034–2042. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2014–205312>.

Schlesinger N. Dietary factors and hyperuricaemia. Curr Pharm Des 2005; 11(32): 4133–4138. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138161205774913273>.

Bardin T, Richette P. Impact of comorbidities on gout and hyperuricaemia: an update on prevalence and treatment options. BMC Med 2017; 15(1): 123. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12916–017–0890–9>.

Mackenzie I, Ford I, Nuki G et al. Long-term cardiovascular safety of febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with gout (FAST): a multicentre, prospective, randomised, open-label, non-inferiority trial. Lancet 2020; 396(10264): 1745–1757. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(20)32234–0>.

Keenan RT, Pillinger MH. Febuxostat: A new agent for lowering serum urate. Drugs Today 2009; 45(4): 247. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1358/dot.2009.45.4.1354217>.

Becker MA, Schumacher HR, Wortmann RL et al. Febuxostat compared with allopurinol in patients with hyperuricemia and gout. N Engl J Med. 2005; 353(23): 2450–2461. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa050373>.

Ghossan R, Tabesh OA, Fayad F et al. Cardiovascular safety of febuxostat in patients with gout or hyperuricemia: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. J Clin Rheumatol 2024; 30(2): e46-e53. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/RHU.0000000000002045>.