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News 6 Years Follow-Up of Patients with Breast Cancer in the APHINITY Study
The primary analysis of results from the APHINITY clinical trial supported the combined anti-HER2 treatment with trastuzumab and pertuzumab in combination with chemotherapy in patients with early HER2-positive breast cancer. At the end of last year, efficacy and safety results of this treatment after more than 6 years of follow-up were presented.
News Doc. Jitka Fricová: The biggest challenge remains the patient with unbearable chronic pain
Research findings are pushing the boundaries of optimal chronic pain treatment, including better prevention and reduced side effects of analgesics. Algological care is readily accessible in the Czech Republic, yet it faces limitations, such as the less manageable nature of unbearable pain, particularly neuropathic or oncologic. We briefly discuss the topic with the head physician of the Pain Treatment Center at the Department of Anesthesiology, Resuscitation, and Intensive Care Medicine, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, and General University Hospital in Prague, Doc. MUDr. Jitka Fricová, Ph.D.
News Does Administration of Saline Make a Crucial Difference Compared to Balanced Crystalloids in Critically Ill Patients?
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine provided data on mortality and deterioration of renal function in adult patients in intensive care units, depending on whether they received saline or balanced crystalloid solutions for fluid replacement.
News Mechanisms Connecting Diabetes Mellitus and Obesity
Obesity has a close relationship with insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus (DM); weight gain is associated with a higher incidence of both type 1 and type 2 DM. In the development of type 2 DM, depletion of pancreatic β-cells plays a crucial role, which can no longer produce sufficient insulin to maintain glucose homeostasis. The development of diabetes is much more likely if β-cell failure is accompanied by increased insulin resistance. In obese patients, there is a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerol, pro-inflammatory cytokines, hormones, and other substances in the blood, which have a fundamental impact on insulin resistance.
News Antiglaucoma Eye Drops with Preservatives – Higher Likelihood of Glaucoma Surgery?
A recently published French study sought to answer the question of whether there is a connection between the presence of preservatives in antiglaucoma eye drops and the probability of undergoing glaucoma surgery.
News Ketogenic diet in MS patients as an aid to increase microbiota diversity and quantity
A recent study published in the journal Frontiers in Microbiology explores the role of gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis, specifically the changes in its quantity and the potential for influencing microbiota through a ketogenic diet.
News Concise and Practical Recommendations for Optimal Care of Dental Prostheses
Millions of people around the world use full or partial dental prostheses. However, there are no standardized global procedures with guidelines on how to care for dental prostheses. Dentists and professional organizations, however, agree on one thing – the prosthesis must be cleaned regularly. The following practical recommendations are based on existing evidence and clinical studies that outline the best practices for cleaning dental prostheses.
News How to Most Effectively Delay Skeletal Events in Patients with Bone Metastases from Solid Tumors?
In a randomized Phase III study, the effectiveness of denosumab and zoledronic acid in preventing skeletal events in patients with multiple myeloma or solid tumors (excluding breast and prostate cancer) and bone metastases was evaluated. An ad hoc analysis of this study then involved only a subgroup of patients with solid tumors.
News Meta-analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Antidiabetics in Treating Gestational DM
What efficacy and safety do insulin, metformin, or the sulfonylurea derivative glibenclamide (glyburide) offer in lowering glucose levels in women with gestational diabetes? The authors of a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials used a probabilistic model – a Bayesian network – to answer this question.
News Analgesic Effects of Using Ringer's Solution in Wound Healing Management
Pain resulting from skin defects of various etiologies causes significant discomfort for the patient. However, wound care using Ringer's solution and the use of primary dressings, which include this solution to maintain a constant moist environment in the wound, can help address this problem.
News Position of aPCC in the Treatment of Hemophilia A Complicated by the Development of Inhibitors
Activated prothrombin complex concentrates (aPCC) are essential drugs that not only allow the control of bleeding in patients with congenital hemophilia A and inhibitors but also help to prevent such bleeding. A recent review article by experts from several European institutions provides an up-to-date view of the development, challenges, and future directions in the use of aPCC in the treatment of hemophilia.
News Overview of Current Treatment Options for MRSA-Induced Pneumonia
Pneumonia caused by methicillin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a disease with high mortality requiring urgent treatment, whether it is a community-acquired or nosocomial infection. Italian authors published a review article at the beginning of 2022, describing the current available treatment modalities for this infection based on a literature survey.
News Experience from Clinical Practice with Intestinal Gel LECIG in Treating Parkinson's Disease
A Swedish observational study evaluated the applicability of the LECIG intestinal gel, which contains levodopa (20 mg/ml), carbidopa (5 mg/ml), and entacapone (20 mg/ml), in clinical practice for patients with Parkinson's disease.
News Curative Potential of Neoadjuvant Denosumab in the Treatment of Giant Cell Spinal Tumor? A Case Study
Portuguese authors present a case study of a young woman diagnosed with a giant cell spinal tumor who achieved complete histological remission following denosumab treatment.
News Successful Resection of a Rectosigmoid Tumor After Long-term Induction Biochemotherapy – A Case Report
Neoadjuvant treatment (chemoradiotherapy) for colorectal cancer is regularly used in advanced rectal tumors, with the goal of reducing the tumor size for the surgeon and ensuring the best possible radical outcome for the patient. In metastatic tumors of the remaining parts of the digestive tract, we talk more about induction treatment, which uses a combination of targeted therapy and chemotherapy for the same purpose – reducing the extent of the tumor disease and possibly enabling surgery including radical removal of metastatic foci. The duration of this treatment is usually up to 6 months followed by surgery (surgeries). The following case report describes a successful surgical solution in a patient with an advanced sigmoid tumor even after more than 3 years of combination chemotherapy and targeted therapy.
News Pitfalls of Levothyroxine Replacement Therapy
Hypothyroidism (reduced function of the thyroid gland) affects approximately 1-2% of the population. Its prevalence increases with age and it is more common in women. Synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism. It is a widely prescribed medication available in tablets of various strengths.
News Fresh from ASH 2021: Promising results of the combination of azacitidine with venetoclax and magrolimab in the treatment of AML
Dr. Naval Daver and his colleagues from the Anderson Cancer Center in Houston presented an oral report during the December congress of the American Society of Hematology (ASH 2021) about a phase Ib/II study that evaluated the effects of the combination of azacitidine (AZA) + venetoclax (VEN) + magrolimab (magro) in various types of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) – newly diagnosed in older or unfit individuals, high-risk, or relapsed/refractory cases (R/R AML).
News Prognostic Significance of Lymphopenia for Stratification of Patients with Follicular Lymphoma
The therapy of follicular lymphoma (FL) is guided by several prognostic indices, such as the Follicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI). The retrospective analysis of 736 patients with FL presented below introduces a prognostic model combining FLIPI and absolute lymphopenia into an integrated FLIPI-L index. Absolute lymphopenia is crucial for stratifying patient OS and the risk of transformation.
News Impact of Thyroid Dysfunction on the Cardiovascular System in Elderly Patients
The incidence of thyroid disease increases with age. In the Czech Republic, up to 5% of the population suffers from hypothyroidism, and the prevalence of hyperthyroidism is estimated at 0.2-1%. The following text discusses the impact of these thyroid disorders on the cardiovascular (CV) system in elderly patients.
News Care of Dental Dentures According to the Recommendations of the American Society of Dental Prosthetists
Dental dentures are the most common solution for missing teeth in the jaw. They should serve patients for several years, so proper care is essential. Therefore, dental professionals should not only be able to make them perfectly but also provide their patients with quality information about their maintenance. However, individual experts often differ in their recommendations, advising based on their own experiences, and even national dental organizations do not always have these information easily accessible. The American Society of Dental Prosthetists has therefore issued a series of recommendations that can be followed by both doctors and patients or caregivers.
News PHD 2022: In the treatment of multiple myeloma we have achieved significant progress, confirm real-world data
The treatment options for multiple myeloma (MM) have significantly advanced over the past 10 years, and patient outcomes have improved. However, the most accurate guide is needed to select the right treatment modality for each particular patient among the many available options. During the Prague Hematology Days (PHD) 2022, this topic was addressed by Prof. MUDr. Roman Hájek, CSc., from the Hemato-Oncology Clinic of the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Ostrava and FN Ostrava.