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News What did the first data from the pilot lung cancer screening show?
Czech pulmonologists have released the first interim results of this year's pilot testing of heavy smokers due to the risk of lung cancer. More than 4,000 patients passed through the hands of general practitioners, and 900 subsequently underwent low-dose CT examination. What other specific findings emerge from the data collection? And what challenges do the experts involved in this program face?
News Romiplostim in a Pregnant Woman − Case Report
The following clinical case demonstrates good control of resistant immune thrombocytopenia in a pregnant woman during the administration of romiplostim.
News Ligamentous Changes as a Harbinger of Cardiac Amyloidosis – Histopathological and Clinical Study
Amyloid deposits can be present in various types of tissue. Their accumulation in connective tissue can lead to pathological changes resulting in the rupture of stressed structures (e.g., the Achilles tendon) or stenosis in areas where blood vessels and nerves pass through (e.g., carpal tunnel syndrome). Swedish doctors focused on patients with lumbar spinal stenosis to analyze how often this diagnosis is associated with amyloid deposits.
News Overall Survival and Tolerance of Olaparib in the OlympiAD Study – Results of Extended Follow-up
Olaparib provides women with metastatic breast cancer with a germline BRCA mutation, who have not been pre-treated with chemotherapy, not only with extended progression-free survival but also, according to the latest reports, longer overall survival. Its tolerability is good over the long term.
News How do body weight and metabolic parameters change in patients first hospitalized for psychosis?
The most common cause of death in patients with schizophrenia is cardiovascular disease, which is closely related to obesity or metabolic syndrome. The study presented below examined changes in body weight and metabolic parameters during the first hospitalization of these patients.
News Influence of ARNI on the Efficacy and Safety of Empagliflozin in the Treatment of Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction
Pharmacological inhibition of neprilysin and the AT1 receptor for angiotensin II (ARNI) through sacubitril/valsartan reduces cardiovascular (CV) mortality and the risk of hospitalization for heart failure. The same benefit has also been demonstrated with the use of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i), also known as gliflozins. A pre-specified sub-analysis of the EMPEROR-Reduced study evaluated whether the benefit of SGLT2i is also significant in patients treated with ARNI.
News What is the significance of hormones in the pathophysiology of migraine?
Migraine is a complex neurovascular disease characterized by the dysfunction of the nociceptive trigeminovascular system in its pathophysiology. Its prevalence is 2-3 times higher in women than in men. The cause of this difference has not yet been fully elucidated, but it appears that the fluctuation of ovarian hormone levels and its influence on CGRP plays an important role. The following article summarizes findings on the hormonal influence of migraine and also discusses new prophylactic drugs – anti-CGRP antibodies.
News Impact of Candesartan on Achieving Remission in Patients with Active IgA Nephropathy
IgA nephropathy is the most common glomerulonephritis worldwide and in the Czech Republic. The effect of candesartan (an angiotensin receptor blocker) on the remission of active IgA nephropathy in patients treated with steroid pulses and tonsillectomy was investigated by the randomized study presented below.
News Efficacy of Bruton Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors After Venetoclax Therapy in Patients with CLL
Targeted therapy has changed the treatment approach for chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), showing higher efficacy and safety compared to standard chemoimmunotherapy. Until recently, an important question remained unanswered: whether the administration of Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors (BTKi) after previous therapy with the BCL-2 inhibitor venetoclax provides sufficient clinical effect.
News Is Obesity a Universal Phenotype in Children with Type 2 Diabetes?
What is the global prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)? Does the occurrence of obesity in pediatric T2DM correlate with gender or race? And how is obesity in T2DM under 18 years of age associated with glycemic control and dyslipidemia? These questions have been addressed by Canadian authors in their recently published systematic review and meta-analysis, which deals with various issues related to childhood obesity.
News Liposomal Pegylated Irinotecan in the Treatment of Pancreatic Tumors
Combined treatment with liposomal pegylated irinotecan, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and leucovorin (LV) significantly improves overall survival in patients with metastatic ductal carcinoma of the pancreas. Analysis of the NAPOLI clinical trial revealed prognostic markers for long-term survival in patients treated this way.
News Lurasidone in the Treatment of Adolescent Schizophrenia: How Does It Compare with Other Atypical Antipsychotics?
A meta-analysis of 13 studies comparing lurasidone with other atypical antipsychotics in monotherapy for adolescent patients with schizophrenia evaluated the effectiveness of the treatment, the rate of weight gain, and the frequency of medication discontinuation for each modality.
News Urgent Administration of Romiplostim in Life-Threatening Bleeding Associated with ITP
Recommendations for the care of acute, especially major bleeding in individuals with severe immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) are not entirely clear. Various methods (steroid boluses, intravenous immunoglobulins, platelet transfusions, etc.) can be used to quickly increase platelet count, but the response may not always be straightforward. Recently, reports have been published regarding the use of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RAs) specifically aimed at rapidly increasing platelet count. The use of romiplostim in patients with ITP and intracranial hemorrhage is illustrated by the following case studies.
News ITP with Severe Hemorrhagic Manifestations Associated with COVID-19 – Case Study
There can be numerous causes of newly acquired immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), often being idiopathic. Severe COVID-19 can be associated with ITP manifestations where the standard first-line treatment may not be effective. In life-threatening bleeding situations, adding romiplostim has proven effective, as illustrated by the following case study from authors in Montreal, Canada.
News Can Thyroid Hormone Supplementation Reduce the Risk of Cognitive Disorders?
The recent systematic literature review presented below, published by authors from the California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences and Psychology (CIBNP), focused, among other things, on potential associations between hypothyroidism and dementia and the impact of related therapeutic interventions in terms of improving cognitive functions.
News Dabigatran Etexilate in the Treatment of Acute Thromboembolic Disease in Children
Until now, standard anticoagulants such as low-molecular-weight heparin or unfractionated heparin and others have been used in pediatric patients for the treatment of thromboembolism. The study presented below aimed to determine whether dabigatran could be the drug of the future in the treatment of pediatric patients with thromboembolism.
News Central European Expert Consensus on the Treatment of ITP in Adult Patients
In a recently published consensus, experts from Central Europe evaluate the current treatment options for immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in adult patients and issue 7 recommendations for the administration of thrombopoietin receptor agonists (TPO-RA) in the 2nd line treatment of ITP, based on an analysis of 31 randomized controlled trials.
News Patient Evaluation of Durvalumab Treatment Results
The interim analysis results of the PACIFIC study, which monitored the efficacy of durvalumab in the treatment of locally advanced unresectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), demonstrated a significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) with this treatment compared to placebo. The following work analyzed one of the secondary objectives of the PACIFIC study − patient-reported outcomes (PRO).
News Pain Management in Patients After Hip and Knee Arthroplasty – Data from Clinical Practice
Inadequate analgesia after hip and knee arthroplasty can result in delayed postoperative recovery accompanied by chronic pain. The retrospective study presented below compared the efficacy of analgesia via continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine, patient-controlled IV analgesia with the so-called Würzburg drip, and piritramide.
News Efficacy of Empagliflozin in HFpEF Patients – Comparison of Subpopulations with Preserved and Mid-Range LV EF
A sub-analysis of the EMPEROR-Preserved clinical trial examined the effects and safety of empagliflozin in patients with heart failure with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LV EF) > 40%. What insights does it provide regarding the impact on cardiovascular (CV) mortality or the need for hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) concerning left ventricular function?
News Can We Reach Brain Metastases of Lung Cancer with Anti-EGFR Targeted Therapy?
Information on the penetration of epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (anti-EGFR TKIs) through the blood-brain barrier primarily comes from preclinical testing. In clinical studies, its effectiveness in patients with brain metastases can be an indicator of its penetration. However, a truly robust analysis is lacking. Until one is available, we can preliminarily evaluate the available data.
News Noonan Syndrome (Not Just) in the Pediatric Cardiologist's Office
Noonan Syndrome (NS) is a genetically determined disease associated with a high prevalence of (not just) congenital heart defects. When is it necessary to consider it in a cardiologist's office, where to refer the patient if suspected, and how to proceed if the diagnosis is confirmed?