American healthcare system and the uncertain future of the Obama’s reform
Authors:
Helena Hnilicová
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav veřejného zdravotnictví a medicínského práva 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2017; 156: 205-210
Category:
Analysis
Overview
The United States differs from other developed countries in health care system which does not guarantee health care for the entire population. The right to health care is not considered a part of the basic human rights. There is much more emphasis on individual responsibility in insurance of health services that are essentially commercial in nature. The aim of this article is to inform on US health system and the measures underlying the recently introduced health reform, whose future development cannot be predicted at present.
Keywords:
United States of America, healthcare, healthcare reform, commercial health insurance, public health programs, Affordable Care Act
Sources
1. Engelhard C, Garson A. The right to health care and the role of government in health policy. Miller Center of Public Affairs, University of Virginia, 2009. Dostupné na: https://forhistory.wikispaces.com/file/view/Carolyn+Engelhard+Is+Healthcare+a+Fundamental+Right.pdf
2. Fineberg HV. Shattuck Lecture. A successful and sustainable health system – how to get there from here. N Engl J Med 2012; 366: 1020–1027.
3. Department for Professional Employees. The US health care system: an international perspective. Fact Sheet, 2016. Dostupné na: http://dpeaflcio.org/wp-content/uploads/US-Health-Care-in-Intl-Perspective-2016.pdf
4. Barták M. Mezinárodní srovnávání zdravotnických systémů. Wolters Kluwer ČR, Praha, 2012.
5. OECD. Health at a Glance 2015. OECD Indicators, 2015. Dostupné na: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/docserver/download/8115071e.pdf
6. Center of Policy Initiatives. Crying Wolf: Stopping healthcare reform for over 60 years. 2009. Dostupné na: http://d3n8a8pro7vhmx.cloudfront.net/onlinecpi/pages/482/attachments/original/1401570077/Cry_Wolf_Universal_Healthcare.pdf
7. Gaydos CL. United States of America. In: Fried B, Gaydos L (eds.). World Health Systems: Challenges and Perspectives. Health Administration Press 2012: 693–737.
8. National Health Expenditures 2010 Highlights. Dostupné na: www.memphisbusinessgroup.org/assets/1441/2010_nhe_survey_highlights.pdf
9. Anderson GF, Hussey PS, Frogner BK et al. Health spending in the United States and the rest of the industrialized world. Health Affairs 2005; 24(4): 903–914.
10. Garson A, Engelhard C. Health Care Half-Truths: Too Many Myths, Not Enough Reality. Rowman & Littlefield Publisher Inc., 2007.
11. Gawande A. America’s epidemic of unnecessary care. The New Yorker: Annals of Health Care, 2015. Dostupné na: www.newyorker.com/magazine/2015/05/11
12. National Health Expenditures 2015 Highlights. Dostupné na: www.cms.gov/research-statistics-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and-reports/nationalhealthexpenddata/downloads/highlights.pdf
13. Kaiser Family Foundation. Health Insurance Coverage of the total population. Dostupné na: http://kff.org/other/state-indicator/total-population
14. Share of people with private health insurance in the United States from 1997 to 2015. Statista, 2017. Dostupné na: www.statista.com/statistics/200952/americans-with-private-health-insurance/
15. Fortune. 100 Best Companies to work for. 2017. Dostupné na: http://beta.fortune.com/best-companies
16. Jiwani A, Himmelstein D, Woolhandler S, Kahn J. Billing and insurance-related administrative costs in United States’ health care: synthesis of micro-costing evidence. BMC Health Serv Res 2014; 14: 556.
17. Wikipedia. Individually purchased health insurance. Dostupné na: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Individually_purchased_health_insurance
18. US Department for Health and Human Services. Federal Poverty Guidelines Used to Determine Financial Eligibility for Certain Federal Programs, 2017. Dostupné na: https://aspe.hhs.gov/poverty-guidelines
19. Every Choice Health Insurance. Children’s Health Insurance Program 2017. Dostupné na: http://echealthinsurance.com/public-assistance/chip
20. US Department of Veterans Affairs. Veterans Health Administration. Dostupné na: www.va.gov/health
21. Indian Health Service. Fact Sheets 2017. Dostupné na: www.ihs.gov/newsroom/factsheets/ihsprofile/
22. Kaiser Family Foundation 2015. Facts about uninsured population. Dostupné na: http://kff.org/uninsured/fact-sheet/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population
23. Physicians Practice. Emergency Rooms Continue to Serve as Patients’ Primary-care Provider. 2013. Dostupné na: www.physicianspractice.com/blog/emergency-rooms-continue-serve-patients-primary-care-provider
24. McClelland M, Asplin B, Epstein SK et al. The Affordable Care Act and Emergency Care. Am J Public Health 2014; 104: e8–e10.
25. Kaiser Family Foundation. Total Numbers of HMOs. Dostupné na: www.kff.org/other/state-indicator/number-of-hmos/?activeTab=graph¤tTimeframe=0&startTimeframe=4&sortModel=%7B%22colId%22:%22Location%22,%22sort%22:%22asc%22%7D
26. Studdert DM, Mello MM, Sage WM et al. Defensive medicine among high-risk specialist physicians in a volatile malpractice environment. JAMA 2005; 293: 2609–2617.
27. OECD Health Policy Studies. Waiting Time Policies in the Health Sector. What works? Fig. 2.3. Waiting time of four months or more for elective surgery. OECD 2012. Dostupné na: www.keepeek.com/Digital-Asset-Management/oecd/social-issues-migration-health/waiting-time-policies-in-the-health-sector/waiting-time-of-four-months-or-more-for-elective-surgery_9789264179080-graph9-en
28. Practice Link. Average compensation in U.S. dollar purchasing power comparing specialists’ and general practitioners’ incomes across countries. Dostupné na: https://journal.practicelink.com/vital-stats/physician-compensation-worldwide
29. Kaiser Family Foundation. Health Reform. Summary of the Affordable Care Act. 2013. Dostupné na: www.kff.org/health-reform/fact-sheet/summary-of-the-affordable-care-act
30. Barnes R. Care Act Survives Supreme Court Challenges. The Washington Post, 25. 6. 2015. Dostupné na: www.washingtonpost.com/politics/courts_law/obamacare-survives-supreme-court-challenge/2015/06/25/af87608e-188a-11e5-93b7-5eddc056ad8a_story.html
31. Kaiser Family Foundation. Summary of the American Health Care Act. 2017. Dostupné na: http://files.kff.org/attachment/Proposals-to-Replace-the-Affordable-Care-Act-Summary-of-the-American-Health-Care-Act
32. Obamacare Facts. TrumpCare explained. Dostupné na: https://obamacarefacts.com/trumpcare-explained
Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental HygienistArticle was published in
Journal of Czech Physicians
![Issue 4](https://www.prolekare.cz/media/cache/resolve/journal_issue/media/image_pdf/8599b0e79e0012aaaf473a469a2be1bb.jpeg)
Most read in this issue
- Newborn hearing screening – importance, current state in the Czech Republic
- Sore throat treatment
- Sleep-related breathing disorders in children and adults from the aspect of the otorhinolaryngology
- 30 years of the cochlear implantations in the Czech Republic