Long-acting insulins in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and their position in the current treatment algorithm
Authors:
Martin Haluzík 1,2,3
Authors‘ workplace:
Centrum diabetologie a Centrum experimentální medicíny IKEM, Praha
1; Endokrinologický ústav, Praha
2; Ústav lékařské biochemie a laboratorní diagnostiky 1. LF UK a VFN v Praze
3
Published in:
Vnitř Lék 2017; 63(2): 87-92
Category:
Reviews
Overview
Insulin therapy has been for many years an inseparable part of the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes, in particular those with longer diabetes duration. Current national and international guidelines list insulin treatment as a possible second choice therapy in patient with unsatisfactory glucose control on monotherapy with metformin. In reality, insulin therapy is often initiated later than it optimally should be. The reasons include among others the fear of patients and sometimes also of physicians from the side effects of insulin. Even though the options of antidiabetic treatment has been diversified by the addition of novel groups of antidiabetics with good efficacy and low risk of hypoglycemia, long acting insulin therapy still remains the most effective way of decreasing fasting hyperglycemia with the effect lasting further throughout the day. In this paper we summarize the current knowledge concerning long-acting insulins available on the Czech market or the ones that should be available in the near future. We discuss the differences among available long-acting insulins and their clinical consequences with respect to the selection of particular insulin for particular patient.
Key words:
biosimilar insulins – body weight – diabetes mellitus – hypoglycemia – long acting insulin
Sources
1. Wright A, Burden AC, Paisey RB et al. Sulfonylurea inadequacy: efficacy of addition of insulin over 6 years in patients with type 2 diabetes in the U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS 57). Diabetes Care 2002; 25(2): 330–336.
2. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB et al. Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes: A Patient-Centered Approach: Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care 2012; 35(6): 1364–1379. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc12–0413>. Erratum in Diabetes Care 2013; 36(2): 490.
3. Inzucchi SE, Bergenstal RM, Buse JB et al. Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2015; 38(1): 140–149. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc14–2441>.
4. Weng J, Li Y, Xu W et al. Effect of intensive insulin therapy on beta-cell function and glycaemic control in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a multicentre randomised parallel-group trial. Lancet 2008; 371(9626): 1753–1760. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140–6736(08)60762-X>.
5. Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR et al. [ORIGIN Trial Investigators]. Basal Insulin and Cardiovascular and Other Outcomes in Dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(4): 319–328. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1203858>.
6. Holman RR, Paul SK, Bethel MA et al. 10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 2008; 359(15): 1577–1589. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa0806470>.
7. Calvert MJ, McManus RJ, Freemantle N. Management of type 2 diabetes with multiple oral hypoglycaemic agents or insulin in primary care: retrospective cohort study. Br J Gen Pract 2007; 57(539): 455–460.
8. Simons WR, Vinod HD, Gerber RA et al. Does rapid transition to insulin therapy in subjects with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus benefit glycaemic control and diabetes-related complications? A German population-based study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006; 114(9): 520–526.
9. Baldeweg SE, Yudkin JS. Implications of the United Kingdom prospective diabetes study. Prim Care 1999; 26(4): 809–827.
10. Haak T, Tiengo A, Draeger E et al. Lower within-subject variability of fasting blood glucose and reduced weight gain with insulin detemir compared to NPH insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2005; 7(1): 56–64.
11. Yki-Jarvinen H, Dressler A, Ziemen M et al. [HOE 901/3002 Study Group]. Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2000; 23(8): 1130–1136.
12. Adamikova A. Clinical importance of basal insulin analogues and insulin Toujeo(R) 300 units/ml. Vnitř Lék 2015; 61(11): 985–988.
13. Kvapil M, Zdarska DJ, Suchopar J et al. POET2 registry: Comparison of annual direct medical costs of treating type 2 diabetes after addition of insulin NPH or insulin glargine to oral antidiabetic therapy in the Czech Republic. Vnitř Lék 2015; 61(1): 24–32.
14. Evans M, Schumm-Draeger PM, Vora J et al. A review of modern insulin analogue pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles in type 2 diabetes: improvements and limitations. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13(8): 677–684. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–1326.2011.01395.x>.
15. Zachariah S, Sheldon B, Shojaee-Moradie F et al. Insulin detemir reduces weight gain as a result of reduced food intake in patients with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2011; 34(7): 1487–1491. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc11–0098>.
16. Umpierrez GE, Latif K, Stoever J et al. Efficacy of subcutaneous insulin lispro versus continuous intravenous regular insulin for the treatment of patients with diabetic ketoacidosis. Am J Med 2004; 117(5): 291–296.
17. Zdarska DJ, Broz J, Krivska B et al. Basal insulin glargine using a basal-bolus regimen in a common clinical practice: observational, non-interventional, multicenter, national project LINDA (Lantus in daily practice – safety and efficacy in basal bolus regimen). Vnitř Lék 2014; 60(9): 712–719.
18. Sutton G, Minguet J, Ferrero C et al. U300, a novel long-acting insulin formulation. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2014; 14(12): 1849–1860. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2014.970633>.
19. Adamikova A. Clinical contribution of new basal analogue insulin. Vnitř Lék 2016; 62(7–8): 534–538.
20. Polimeni G, Trifiro G, Ingrasciotta Y et al. The advent of biosimilars for the treatment of diabetes: current status and future directions. Acta diabetologica 2015; 52(3): 423–431. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00592–015–0771–7>.
21. Davies MJ, Kela R, Khunti K. Liraglutide – overview of the preclinical and clinical data and its role in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2011; 13(3): 207–220. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–1326.2010.01330.x>.
22. Dunn CJ, Plosker GL, Keating GM et al. Insulin glargine: an updated review of its use in the management of diabetes mellitus. Drugs 2003; 63(16): 1743–1778.
23. Francisco GE. Antidiabetic agents. Prim Care 1990; 17(3): 499–519.
24. Heinemann L, Richter B. Clinical pharmacology of human insulin. Diabetes Care 1993; 16(Suppl 3): 90–100.
25. Mathieu C. Can we reduce hypoglycaemia with insulin detemir? Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 2004; 28(Suppl. 2): S35-S40.
26. Gough SC, Harris S, Woo V et al. Insulin degludec: Overview of a novel ultra long-acting basal insulin. Diabetes Obes Metab 2013; 15(4):301–309. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12052>.
27. Jonassen I, Havelund S, Hoeg-Jensen T et al. Design of the novel protraction mechanism of insulin degludec, an ultra-long-acting basal insulin. Pharm Res 2012; 29(8): 2104–2114. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11095–012–0739-z>.
28. Heise T, Nosek L, Bottcher SG et al. Ultra-long-acting insulin degludec has a flat and stable glucose-lowering effect in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2012; 14(10): 944–950.Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–1326.2012.01638.x>.
29. Goldman-Levine JD, Patel DK, Schnee DM. Insulin degludec: a novel basal insulin analogue. Ann Pharmacother 2013; 47(2): 269–277. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.1R351>.
30. Mathieu C, Hollander P, Miranda-Palma B et al. Efficacy and safety of insulin degludec in a flexible dosing regimen vs insulin glargine in patients with type 1 diabetes (BEGIN: Flex T1): a 26-week randomized, treat-to-target trial with a 26-week extension. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98(3): 1154–1162. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2012–3249>.
31. Ritzel R, Roussel R, Bolli GB et al. Patient-level meta-analysis of the EDITION 1, 2 and 3 studies: glycaemic control and hypoglycaemia with new insulin glargine 300 U/ml versus glargine 100 U/ml in people with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17(9): 859–867. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12485>.
32. Blevins TC, Dahl D, Rosenstock J et al. Efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with insulin glargine (Lantus(R)) in patients with type 1 diabetes in a randomized controlled trial: the ELEMENT 1 study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17(8): 726–33. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12496>.
33. Ilag LL, Deeg MA, Costigan T et al. Evaluation of immunogenicity of LY2963016 insulin glargine compared with Lantus(R) insulin glargine in patients with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Obes Metab 2016; 18(2): 159–168. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12584>.
34. Rosenstock J, Hollander P, Bhargava A et al. Similar efficacy and safety of LY2963016 insulin glargine and insulin glargine (Lantus(R)) in patients with type 2 diabetes who were insulin-naive or previously treated with insulin glargine: a randomized, double-blind controlled trial (the ELEMENT 2 study). Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17(8):734–741. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/dom.12482>.
35. Gerstein HC, Bosch J, Dagenais GR et al. Basal insulin and cardiovascular and other outcomes in dysglycemia. N Engl J Med 2012; 367(4): 319–328. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1203858>.
36. Heise T, Nosek L, Ronn BB et al. Lower within-subject variability of insulin detemir in comparison to NPH insulin and insulin glargine in people with type 1 diabetes. Diabetes 2004; 53(6): 1614–1620.
37. Renard E, Dubois-Laforgue D, Guerci B. [Variability Study Group.Variability Study Group]. Non-inferiority of insulin glargine versus insulin detemir on blood glucose variability in type 1 diabetes patients: a multicenter, randomized, crossover study. Diabetes Technol Ther 2011; 13(12): 1213–1218. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dia.2011.0063>.
38. Wallace JP, Wallace JL, McFarland MS. Comparing dosing of basal insulin analogues detemir and glargine: is it really unit-per-unit and dose-per-dose? Ann Pharmacother 2014; 48(3): 361–8. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1060028013518420>.
39. Blickle JF, Hancu N, Piletic M et al. Insulin glargine provides greater improvements in glycaemic control vs. intensifying lifestyle management for people with type 2 diabetes treated with OADs and 7–8% A1c levels. The TULIP study. Diabetes Obes Metab 2009; 11(4): 379–386. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1463–1326.2008.00980.x>.
40. van Golen LW, Rg IJ, Huisman MC et al. Cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism in appetite-related brain regions in type 1 diabetic patients after treatment with insulin detemir and NPH insulin: a randomized controlled crossover trial. Diabetes Care 2013; 36(12): 4050–4056. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.2337/dc13–0093>.
Labels
Diabetology Endocrinology Internal medicineArticle was published in
Internal Medicine
2017 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Autoantibodies in systemic connective tissue disease and ANCA-associated vasculitis, their relationship to interstitial lung diseases and prognosis
- Parathyroid cancer
- Long-acting insulins in the treatment of type 2 diabetes and their position in the current treatment algorithm
- Acute kidney injury: a current comprehensive overview