Platelet membrane glycoproteins from the point of view of their genetic changes

Czech version

Authors: J. Gumulec ¹; M. Penka ²; R. Richterová ¹; M. Brejcha ¹; D. Klodová ¹; M. Wróbel ¹; P. Janotová ¹; K. Klaricová ¹; M. Kneiflová ¹; M. Kučerová ¹; M. Radina ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Centrum pro trombózu a hemostázu při Onkologickém centru J. G. Mendla, Nový Jičín, přednosta prim. MUDr. Jaromír Gumulec ¹; Oddělení klinické hematologie FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice, přednosta prof. MUDr. Miroslav Penka, CSc. ²
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2005; 91(7 a 8): 840-844
Category: 128th Internal Medicine Day - 21rd Vanysek's Day Brno 2005

Overview

Myocardial infarction commonly originates, similarly to an occlusion of other parts of arterial circulation, from a formation of platelet thrombus in the site of atherosclerotic plaque rupture. Both, arteriosclerosis and thrombosis, contribute to the genesis of this type occlusion, though every one of these factors exerts with different significance in different patients. Younger patients with early occurrence of myocardial infarction usually have coronary atherosclerosis less significant and they have higher incidence of normal or almost normal coronarogram. Uniqueness of the role of thrombocytes in a genesis of arterial thrombotic occlusions turns the attention to the platelets and platelet glycoproteins, which are involved in the process of platelet thrombus formation. Risk rate of environmental factors during occurrence of MI or CVE is quite well elaborated, however many questions concerning hereditary prothrombotic factors exerting in arterial part of bloodstream still exist. Genetic variants of platelet glycoproteins originating from point mutations of their genes can be associated with increased thrombocyte adhesivity (GP Ia C807T) or aggregability (GP IIIa PlA1/PlA2). Platelets of allele GP Ia T807 (complex GP Ia/IIa) homozygotes or heterozygotes are characterised by 2-times higher expression of GP Ia/IIa on platelet surface than the expression in GP Ia C807 homozygotes, which results in the increase of thrombocyte adhesivity to type I collagen. GP Ia T807 allele carrier state is considered to be a mild risk factor for myocardial infarction and cerebral vascular event in young persons, while its risk rate is enhanced by conventional factors.

Key words:
atherosclerosis – thrombocytes – platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia/IIa – thrombocyte adhesivity

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