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Burkittův lymfom (BL): reklasifikace 39 lymfomů diagnostikovaných v minulosti jako BL nebo Burkitt-like lymfom s využitím imunohistochemie a fluorescenční in situ hybridizace


Authors: R. Kodet 1;  M. Mrhalová 1;  E. Stejskalová 2;  E. Kabíčková 2
Authors‘ workplace: Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Charles University 1;  nd Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic 2;  Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Charles University 2;  nd Faculty of Medicine and Faculty Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic 2
Published in: Čes.-slov. Patol., 47, 2011, No. 3, p. 106-114
Category: Original Article

Overview

Burkittův lymfom (BL) je dobře charakterizovanou jednotkou. Při nálezech vybočujících z obrazu základní varianty (klasický BL) bylo v minulosti užíváno označení Burkitt-like lymfom (B-LL), avšak interpretace morfologického nálezu byla subjektivní a špatně reprodukovatelná. V retrospektivní studii 39 nemocných s diagnózou BL a B-LL stanovenou na našem pracovišti v letech 1982 až 2002 jsme použili kombinovaného přístupu (vyšetření: morfologické – hematoxylin a eosin, Giemsa; imunohistochemické – IHC; fluoresceční in situ hybridizace – FISH na jádrech v interfázi). FISH prokázala t(8;14)(q24;q32) u 31 nemocných; u dalších dvou jsme nalezli zlom lokusu 8q24 odpovídající pravděpodobné variantní translokaci. U tří nemocných jsme výsledky získané vyšetřením FISH podpořili cytogenetickým nálezem – u dvou lymfomů byla t(8;14)(q24;q32), u jednoho t(2;8)(p12;q24). IHC prokázala expresi molekul CD20, CD10, BCL-6, p53 a Ki-67 >95 % nádorové populace u většiny nemocných. U čtyř nemocných (původně 2x BL a 2x B-LL), u kterých jsme pomocí FISH neprokázali t(8;14) nebo zlom 8q24 jsme nádor reklasifikovali podle současné verze WHO jako lymfom intermediální mezi difúzním velkobuněčným B lymfomem a Burkittovým lymfomem (I-DLBCL/BL). Dva další případy s původní diagnózou B-LL jsme zařadili jako DLBCL. Jeden z těchto nemocných měl zlom v lokusech 3q27 (BCL6) a 14q32 (IGH), tedy pravděpodobnou t(3;14)(q27;q32).

Celkové přežití 33 nemocných s BL bylo 54 %. Většina úmrtí nastala během prvních 6 měsíců po diagnóze nádoru. Nepříznivý klinický průběh měl souvislost se silnou expresí proteinu p53 v nádorové populaci.

Omezená aplikace různých vyšetření může vést při diagnóze BL k nesprávným diagnostickým závěrům vzhledem k velmi podobnému histologickému obrazu. Spolehlivější diagnostika BL spočívá v kombinaci přístupů a pomůže odlišit lymfomy šedé zóny I-DLBCL/BL a také DLBCL napodobující morfologický vzhled BL tak, aby byla nasazena přiměřená terapie. Lymfomy šedé zóny I-DLBCL/BL představují nesourodou skupinu lymfoproliferativních onemocnění a je třeba je do budoucna podrobně analyzovat.

Klíčová slova:
Burkittův lymfom – diagnóza – imunohistochemie – interfázická FISH – cytogenetika


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