Udržitelnost, populace a reprodukční etika

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Authors: J. Greguš ^1,2,3
Authors‘ workplace: Center for Outpatient Gynecology and Primary Care, Brno ¹; Center for Prenatal Dia gnostics, Brno ²; Department of Philosophy, Faculty of Arts, Masaryk University, Brno ³
Published in: Ceska Gynekol 2023; 88(3): 190-199
Category:
doi: https://doi.org/10.48095/cccg2023190

Overview

Úvod: Článek zkoumá vztahy mezi udržitelností, lidskou populací a reprodukční etikou, protože jak cíle udržitelnosti, tak populační otázky obojí implikují konkrétní etické závazky. Materiál a metodika: Práce je založena na kritické analýze současné vědecké a filozofické literatury na téma udržitelnosti, populace a reprodukční etiky. Výsledky: Udržitelnost, tak jak je vyjádřena v Cílech udržitelného rozvoje OSN, je koncept, jehož cílem je ochránit životní prostředí, posilovat lidské společenství a podporovat prosperitu; jinými slovy, vytvářet svět, ve kterém budou moci všichni vzkvétat a prospívat. Nicméně, lidstvo se pohybuje velkou rychlostí opačným směrem. Primárním důvodem je neudržitelná velikost lidstva a jím podmíněná neudržitelná lidská ekonomická aktivita. Dlouhodobá udržitelnost je dosažitelná, ale vyžaduje udržitelnou lidskou populaci, což jsou podle posledních studií zhruba tři miliardy lidí. Dosažení této velikosti populace vyžaduje zacílení na všechny čtyři realizovatelné pilíře populačního růstu. Dostupnost antikoncepce, vzdělání a emancipace žen jsou nejlepší prevencí pro (1) neplánovaná/nechtěná těhotenství a (2) vynucenou plodnost. Je však nutné zaměřit se i na (3) populační moment a (4) chtěnou plodnost. Závěr: Poslední dvě jmenované mohou být úspěšně adresovány pomocí podpory reprodukční etiky malých rodin, ideálně etiky jednoho dítěte jako nové globální normy.

Klíčová slova:

antikoncepce – plánované rodičovství – populace – přelidnění – cíle udržitelného rozvoje – udržitelnost – spotřeba – reprodukční etika – etika jednoho dítěte – filozofie přelidnění

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