Atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients
Authors:
M. Harazím 1; T. Karvunidis 1,2; J. Raděj 1,2; J. Horák 1,2; I. Novák 1; M. Matějovič 1,2
Authors‘ workplace:
I. interní klinika, Fakultní nemocnice Plzeň, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova
1; Biomedicínské centrum, Lékařská fakulta v Plzni, Univerzita Karlova
2
Published in:
Anest. intenziv. Med., 28, 2017, č. 4, s. 248-254
Category:
Intensive Care Medicine - Review Article
Overview
Arrhythmias are a common problem in the critically ill and they can have significant effects on patient outcome. Their management requires a structured approach, rapid diagnosis and correct treatment. We present a framework for the appropriate management of the most frequently encountered tachyarrhythmia in critical care.
KEYWORDS:
tachyarrhythmias − atrial fibrillation − critical care
Sources
1. Reinelt P, Karth G, Geppert A, Heinz G. Incidence and type of cardiac arrhythmias in critically ill patients: a single center experience in a medical-cardiological ICU. Intensive care medicine. 2011;27:1466−1473.
2. Knotzer H, lviayr A, Ulmer H, et al. Tachyarrhythmias in a surgical intensive care unit: a case-controlled epidemiologic study. J Intensive Care Med. 2000;26:908−914.
3. Feinberg W, Blackshear J, Laupacis A, Kronmal R, Hart R. Prevalence, age distribution, and gender of patients with atrial fibrillation: analysis and implications. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:469–473.
4. Meierhenrich R, Steinhilber E, Eggermann C, Weiss M, Voglic S, Bögelein D, Stahl W. Incidence and prognostic impact of new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with septic shock: a prospective observational study. Critical Care. 2010;14.3:1.
5. Moss TJ, Ruminski C, Lake DE, Calland JF, Enfield KB, Moorman JR. The impact of incident atrial fibrillation in the intensive care unit. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2016;67.13:2358.
6. Chen AY, Sokol SS, Kress JP, Lat I. New-onset atrial fibrillation is an independent predictor of mortality in medical intensive care unit patients. Ann Pharmacother. 2015;49:523−527.
7. Creswell LL, Schuessler RB, Rosenbloom M, Cox JL. Hazards of postoperative atrial arrhythmias. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;56:539−549.
8. Almassi GH, Schowalter T, Nicolosi AC, Aggarwal A, Moritz TE, Henderson WG, Tarazi R, Shroyer AL, Sethi GK, Grover FL, et al. Atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a major morbid event? Ann Surg. 1997;226:501−511.
9. Camm AJ, Kirchhof P, Lip GY, Schotten U, Savelieva I, Ernst S, et al. Guidelines for the management of atrial fibrillation: the Task Force for the Management of Atrial Fibrillation of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). European heart journal. 2010, 31.19:2369−429.
10. Mayr A, Ritsch N, Knotzer H, Dünser M, Schobersberger W, Ulmer H, et al. Effectiveness of direct-current cardioversion for treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias, in particular atrial fibrillation, in surgical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med. 2003;31:401−405.
11. Ganga HV, Noyes A, White CM, et al. Magnesium adjunctive therapy in atrial arrhythmias. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2013;36:1308−1318.
12. Opolski G, Stanislawska J, Górecki A, et al. Amiodarone in restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation after unsuccessful direct–current cardioversion. Clinical cardiology. 1997;20:337−340.
13. Sticherling C, Behrens S, Kamke W, et al. Comparison of acute and long-term effects of single-dose amiodarone and verapamil for the treatment of immediate recurrences of atrial fibrillation after transthoracic cardioversion. Europace. 2005;7:546−553.
14. Myerburg RJ, Castellanos A. Electrode positioning for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation. The Lancet. 2002;360:1263−1264.
15. Kirchhof P., et al. Anterior-posterior versus anterior-lateral electrode positions for external cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a randomised trial. The Lancet. 2002;360:1275−1279.
16. Walsh J., et al. Impedance compensated biphasic waveforms for transthoracic cardioversion of atrial fibrillation: a multi-centre comparison of antero-apical and antero-posterior pad positions. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1298−1302.
17. Olshansky B, Heller EN, Mitchell LB., et al. Are Transthoracic Echocardiographic Parameters Associated With Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence or Stroke?: Results From the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. 2005;45:2026−2033.
18. Oral H, Ozaydin M., et al. Effect of atrial fibrillation duration on probability of immediate recurrence after transthoracic cardioversion. Journal of cardiovascular electrophysiology. 2003;14:182−185.
19. Kanji S, Williamson DR., et al. Epidemiology and management of atrial fibrillation in medical and noncardiac surgical adult intensive care unit patients. J Crit Care. 2012; 27:326.e1−8.
20. Gillinov AM, Bagiella E, Moskowitz AJ., et al. Rate control versus rhythm control for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery. N Engl J Med. 2016,374:1911−1921.
21. Williams V. A classification of antiarrhythmic actions reassessed after a decade of new drugs. The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 1984;24:129−147.
22. Naccarelli GV, Wolbrette DL, Khan M., et al. Old and new antiarrhythmic drugs for converting and maintaining sinus rhythm in atrial fibrillation: comparative efficacy and results of trials. The American journal of cardiology. 2003;91:15−26.
23. Cardiac Investigators, et al. Preliminary report: effect of encainide and flecainide on mortality in a randomized trial of arrhythmia suppression after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1989;321:406−412.
24. Wiest DB, Haney JS. Clinical pharmacokinetics and therapeutic efficacy of esmolol. Clinical pharmacokinetics. 2012;51:347−356.
25. Vietti-Ramus G, Veglio F., et al. Efficacy and safety of short intravenous amiodarone in supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. International journal of cardiology. 1992;35:77−85.
26. Amiodarone trials meta-analysis investigators, et al. Effect of prophylactic amiodarone on mortality after acute myocardial infarction and in congestive heart failure: meta-analysis of individual data from 6500 patients in randomised trials. The Lancet. 1997;350(9089):1417−1424.
27. Goldman S, Probst P., et al. Inefficacy of “therapeutic” serum levels of digoxin in controlling the ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation. The American journal of cardiology. 1975;35:651−655.
28. Trappe HJ. Vorhofflimmern – Gesichertes und Neues. Dtsch Arztebl Int. 2012;109:1−7.
29. Saran T, Perkins GD, Javed MA, Annam V, Leong L, Gao F., et al. Does the prophylactic administration of magnesium sulphate to patients undergoing thoracotomy prevent postoperative supraventricular arrhythmias? A randomized controlled trial. Br J Anaesth. 2011;106:785–791.
30. Moran JL, Gallagher J, Peake SL, Cunningham DN., et al. Parenteral magnesium sulfate versus amiodarone in the therapy of atrial tachyarrhythmias: a prospective, randomized study. Crit Care Med. 1995;23:1816−1824.
31. Krijthe BP, Heeringa J, Kors JA, et al. Serum potassium levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation: the Rotterdam Study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;168:5411−5415.
32. Khan AM, Lubitz SA, et al. Low serum magnesium and the development of atrial fibrillation in the community: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2013;127:33−38.
33. Lip YH, et al. Refining clinical risk stratification for predicting stroke and thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation using a novel risk factor-based approach: the euro heart survey on atrial fibrillation. Chest Journal. 2010;137:263−272.
34. Pisters R, et al. A novel user-friendly score (HAS-BLED) to assess 1-year risk of major bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation: the Euro Heart Survey. Chest Journal. 2010;138: 1093−1100.
35. Tracy C, Boushahri A. Managing arrhythmias in the intensive care unit. Critical care clinics. 2014;30:365−390.
36. Walkey AJ, et al. Incident stroke and mortality associated with new-onset atrial fibrillation in patients hospitalized with severe sepsis. JAMA. 2011;306:2248−2254.
37. Walkey AJ, et al. Long-term outcomes following development of new-onset atrial fibrillation during sepsis. Chest. 2014;146:1187−1195.
Labels
Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Inten Intensive Care MedicineArticle was published in
Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
2017 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
- Rapid sequence induction in the Czech Republic 2016: Survey
- Aspiration of gastric contents while using the i-gel laryngeal mask: Case report of three cases
- Atrial fibrillation in critically ill patients
-
Preoperative assessment using mobile technologies in the Czech Republic – are our patients ready for it?
Prospective, observational, multicentre, cross-sectional study