Cocoonase is indispensable for Lepidoptera insects breaking the sealed cocoon

English version

Autoři: Tingting Gai ^aff001; Xiaoling Tong ^aff001; Minjin Han ^aff001; Chunlin Li ^aff001; Chunyan Fang ^aff001; Yunlong Zou ^aff001; Hai Hu ^aff001; Hui Xiang ^aff002; Zhonghuai Xiang ^aff001; Cheng Lu ^aff001; Fangyin Dai ^aff001
Působiště autorů: State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Key Laboratory of Sericultural Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Biotechnology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China ^aff001; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China ^aff002
Vyšlo v časopise: Cocoonase is indispensable for Lepidoptera insects breaking the sealed cocoon. PLoS Genet 16(9): e1009004. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009004
Kategorie: Research Article
doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1009004

Souhrn

Many insects spin cocoons to protect the pupae from unfavorable environments and predators. After emerging from the pupa, the moths must escape from the sealed cocoons. Previous works identified cocoonase as the active enzyme loosening the cocoon to form an escape-hatch. Here, using bioinformatics tools, we show that cocoonase is specific to Lepidoptera and that it probably existed before the occurrence of lepidopteran insects spinning cocoons. Despite differences in cocooning behavior, we further show that cocoonase evolved by purification selection in Lepidoptera and that the selection is more intense in lepidopteran insects spinning sealed cocoons. Experimentally, we applied gene editing techniques to the silkworm Bombyx mori, which spins a dense and sealed cocoon, as a model of lepidopteran insects spinning sealed cocoons. We knocked out cocoonase using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. The adults of homozygous knock-out mutants were completely formed and viable but stayed trapped and died naturally in the cocoon. This is the first experimental and phenotypic evidence that cocoonase is the determining factor for breaking the cocoon. This work led to a novel silkworm strain yielding permanently intact cocoons and provides a new strategy for controlling the pests that form cocoons.

Klíčová slova:

Animal behavior – Guide RNA – Homozygosity – Insects – Moths and butterflies – Phylogenetic analysis – Pupae – Silkworms

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