Rozhodovanie o vstupe a konkurencia na trhu lekární: Prípadová štúdia voľnopredajných liekov a deregulácie vlastníctva

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Autoři: Matúš Bilka; António Portugal Duarte; Martin Lábaj
Vyšlo v časopise: Čes. slov. Farm., 2023; 72, 11-20
Kategorie: Přehledy a odborná sdělení
doi: https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5817/CSF2023-1-11

Souhrn

Táto štúdia poskytuje nové empirické dôkazy o zmenách v intenzite konkurencie a štruktúre trhu lekární po deregulácii vstupných podmienok. Štúdia skúma vývoj maloobchodného trhu lekární v Portugalsku, ktorý prešiel regulačnými zmenami v rokoch 2004 a 2007. V dôsledku týchto zmien boli predaj voľne predajných liekov a vlastníctvo lekární liberalizované, avšak obmedzenia vstupu súvisiace s veľkosťou trhu a umiestnením nových lekární ostali v platnosti v nezmenenej podobe.

Empirická stratégia vychádza z modelov vstupu, ktoré umožňujú porovnanie nevyhnutnej veľkosti trhu pre vstup tej-ktorej lekárne na trh pred a po zmenách v regulácii. Takéto porovnanie umožňuje zistiť, či sa konkurencia zintenzívnila s deregulovanými OTC liekmi.

Zo štúdie vyplynuli tri hlavné zistenia. Po prvé, nevyhnutná veľkosť trhu sa znížila bez ohľadu na počet lekární na tomto trhu, čo naznačuje, že priestor na realizáciu ziskov je širší ako pred dereguláciou. Po druhé, hoci vstupné prahy mali nižšiu hodnotu, ich relatívny nárast s každým ďalším konkurentom vstupujúcim na trh bol v roku 2020 strmší ako v roku 2004, čo naznačuje zintenzívnenie cenovej konkurencie. Po tretie, súčasné pravidlo 3500 pacientov na lekáreň je pravdepodobne príliš reštriktívne a lekárne by sa vedeli presadiť aj na menších trhoch.

Klíčová slova:

regulácia – model vstupu – trhová konkurencia – maloobchodné lekárne

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