Co lze očekávat od patologa v diagnostice karcinomu rekta? Několik zkušeností ze studijní stáže v USA

What to Expect from the Pathologist in the Diagnostics of Colorectal Cancer? Experince from the Clerkships in the US

Nowadays, surgery still remains the basic treatment modality in the therapy of colorectal cancer. An exact pathological evaluation of the extent of tumour spread and the quality of the resection is also essential for indication of adjuvant therapy and for the assessing prognosis. In the treatment of colorectal cancer, it is precisely this collaboration between the surgeon and pathologist which is fundamental to the multidisciplinary approach. The pathologic examination must concentrate on the macro- and microscopic pathological anatomy, evaluation of lymph node positivity, and presence of micrometastases or other signs of local tumour progression. All these factors can help to establish the prognosis. The standards of pathological examination and methods differ between centres and countries. From personal experience during clerkships in the United States the authors offer an overview of how American pathologists approach examination of colorectal cancer, and which characteristics of the disease are concentrated upon. 

Key words:
rectal cancer, pathological investigation, prognostic factors