RENAL CANCER EARLY DETECTION, THE ROLE OF TUMOUR MARKERS IN FURTHER DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC AND PROGNOSTIC STRATEGY
Authors:
M. Fedorko
Authors‘ workplace:
Urologická klinika FN Brno
Published in:
Urol List 2011; 9(4): 7-11
Overview
Incidence of renal cell carcinoma increases worldwide. It has the third highest mortality among urological malignancies, folowing prostate and bladder cancer. Its prognosis is highly related to pathological stage and biological behaviour. With the recent advances in molecular genetics and targeted therapies, novel biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma continue to be developed. These biomarkers have been used together with traditional clinicopathologic variables in estimating prognosis of renal cell carcinoma. As well as prediction of prognosis and therapeutic benefit, reliable biomarkers could have an important impact on early diagnosis, too. The article reviews these potential biomarkers.
Key words:
renal cell carcinoma, early detection, tumour markers, prognosis
Sources
1. Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F et al. GLOBOCAN 2008 v1.2, Cancer Incidence and Mortality Worldwide: IARC CancerBase No. 10 [Internet]. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2010. Available from: http://globocan.iarc.fr.
2. Kovacs G, Akhtar M, Beckwith BJ et al. The Heidelberg classification of renal cell tumours. J Pathol 1997; 183(2): 131–133.
3. Campbell-Walsh Urology, 10th edition. Philadelphia 2012, Saunders.
4. Lindblad P. Epidemiology of renal cell carcinoma. Scand J Surg 2004; 93(2): 88–96.
5. DeCastro GJ, McKiernan JM. Epidemiology, clinical staging and presentation of renal cell carcinoma. Urol Clin North Am 2008; 35(4): 581–592.
6. Levi F, Ferlay J, Galeone C et al. The changing pattern of kidney cancer incidence and mortality in Europe. BJU Int 2008; 101(8): 949–958.
7. Národní onkologický registr 1977–2008. http:// www.svod.cz.
8. Pantuck AJ, Zisman A, Rauch MK et al. Incidental renal tumors. Urology 2000; 56(2): 190–196.
9. Carrizosa DR, Godley PA. Epidemiology and screening of renal cell carcinoma. In: Rini BI, Campbell SC. Renal cell carcinoma, Shelton: People's Medical Publishing House 2009: 15–24.
10. Cohn EB, Campbell SC. Screening for renal cell carcinoma. In: Bukowski RM, Novick AC (ed). Renal cell carcinoma: molecular biology, immunology, and clinical management. Totowa: Humana Press 2000.
11. Parsons JK, Schoenberg MS, Carter HB. Incidental renal tumors: casting doubt on the efficacy of early intervention. Urology 2001; 57(6): 1013–1015.
12. Herts BR. Screening computerized tomography and the incidental renal mass: urological implications of whole body scanning. AUA Update Series 2005.
13. Netto G. Molecular diagnostics in urologic malignancies. A work in progress. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2011; 135(5): 610–621.
14. Banks RE, Tirukonda P, Taylor C et al. Genetic and epigenetic analysis of von Hippel-Lindau gene alterations and relationship with clinical variables in Sporady renal cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66(4): 2000–2011.
15. Cheng L, Williamson S, Zhang S et al. Understanding the molecular genetics of renal cell neoplasia: implications of diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. Expert REv. Anticancer Ther 2010; 10(6): 843–864.
16. Ljungberg B, Cowan N, Hanbury DC et al. Guidelines on renal cell cacinoma. In: EAU Guidelines, edition presented at the 25th EAU Annual Congress, Barcelona 2010
17. Jacobsen J, Grankvist K, Rasmuson T et al. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor protein in human renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2004; 93(3): 297–302.
18. Jacobsen J, Grankvist K, Rasmuson T et al. Different isoforms patterns for vascular endothelial growth factor between clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2006; 97(5): 1102–1108.
19. Kluger H, Siddiqui S, Angeletti C et al. Classification of renal cell carcinoma based on expression of VEGF and VEGF receptors in both tumor cells and endothelial cells. Lab Invest 2008; 88(9): 967–972.
20. Lidgren A, Hedberg Y, Grankvist K et al. The expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1alpha is a favourable independent prognostic factor in renal cell carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11(3): 1129–1135.
21. Bui MH, Visapaa H, Selingson D et al. Prognostic value of carbonic anhydrase IX and Ki67 as predictors of survival for renal clear cell carcinoma. J Urol 2004; 171(6): 2461–2466.
22. Patard J, Fergelot P, Karakiewitz P et al. Low CAIX expression and absence of VHL gene mutation are associated with tumor agressiveness and poor survival of clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Int J Cancer 2008; 123(2): 395–400.
23. Atkins M, Regan M, McDermott D et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX expression predicts outcome of interleukin 2 therapy for renal cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2005; 11(10): 3714–3721.
24. Leibovich B, Sheinin Y, Lohse C et al. Carbonic anhydrase IX is not an independent predictor of outcome for patiens with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Onkol 2007; 25(30): 4757–4764.
25. de Martino M, Klatte T, Seligson D et al. CA9 gene: single nukleotide polymorphism predicts metastatic renal cell carcinoma prognosis. J Urol 2009; 182(2): 728–734.
26. Visapaa H, Bui M, Huang Y et al. Correlation of Ki-67 and gelsolin expression to clinical outcome in renal clear cell carcinoma. Urology 2003; 61(4): 845–850.
27. Klatte T, Seligson D, LaRochelle J et al. Molecular signatures of localized clear cell renal cell carcinoma to predict dinase-free survival after nephrectomy. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009; 18(3): 894–900.
28. Sakai I, Miyake H, Tanenaka A et al. Expression of potential molecular markers in renal cell carcinoma: impact on clinicopathological outcomes in patiens undergiong radical nephrectomy. BJU Int 2009; 104(7): 942–946.
29. Pertia A, Nikoleishvili D, Trsintsadze O. Los sof p27 (Kip1) CDKI is a predictor of poor recurrence-free and cancer-specific survival in patiens with renal cancer. Int Urol Nephrol 2007; 39(2): 381–387.
30. Noon A, Vlatkovic N, Polanski R et al. p53 and MDM2 in renal cell carcinoma: biomarkers for dinase progression and future therapeutic targets? Cancer 2010; 116(4): 780–790.
31. Weiss R, Borowsky A, Seligson D et al. p21 is a prognostic marker for renal cell carcinoma: implications for novel therapeutic approaches. J Urol 2007; 177(1): 63–68.
32. Maruyama R, Yamaha K, Itoi T et al. Absence of Bcl-2 and Fas/CD95/APO-I predicts the response to immunotherapy in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Br J Cancer 2006; 95(9): 1244–1249.
33. Shah J, Margulis V. In search for a better crystal ball: recent advances in prognostic markers for clear-cell renal cell carcinoma. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther 2010; 10(6): 837–842.
34. Zhao H, Ljungberg B, Grankvist K et al. Gene expression profilig predicts survival in conventional renall cell carcinoma. PLoS Med 2006; 3(1): 1–13.
35. Donskov F, von der Maase H. Impact of imine parameters on long-term survival in metastatic renal cell carcinoma. J Clin Oncol 2006; 24(13): 1997–2005.
36. Thompson R, Dong H, Kwon E. Implications of B7-H1 expression in clear cell carcinoma of the kidney for prognostication and therapy. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13(2): 709–715.
37. Tostain J, Li G, Gentil-Perret A, Gigante M. Carbonic anhydrase 9 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma: a marker for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment. Eur J Cancer 2010; 46(18): 3141–3148.
38. Ramankulov A, Lein M, Johannsen M et al. Serum amyloid A as indicator of distant metastases but not as early tumor marker in patients with renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Lett 2008; 269(1): 85–92.
39. Wood S, Rogers M, Cairns D et at. Association of serum amyloid A protein and peptide fragments with prognosis in renal cancer. Br J Cancer 2010; 103(1): 101–111.
40. Abbasi A, Johnson T, Master V. Minor symptoms are suggestive of metastatic renal cell carcinoma if C-reactive protein remains high after curative nephrectomy. J Clin Oncol 2011; 29(6): 133–134.
41. Johnson T, Young A, Force S et al. C-reactive protein may represent sensitive measure of renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Urol Nurs 2011; 31(3): 181–182.
42. Kim H, Seligson D, Liu X et al. Using protein expression to predict survival in clear cell renal carcinoma. Clin Cancer Res 2004; 10(16): 5464–5471.
43. Parker A, Leibovich B, Lohse C et al. Development and evaluation of BioScore: a biomarker panel to enhance prognostic algorithms for clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer 2009; 115(10): 2092–2103.
44. Seliger B, Dressler SP, Lichtenfels R et al. Candidate biomarkers in renal cell carcinoma. Proteomics 2007; 7(24): 4601–4612.
45. Morissey J, London A, Lou J et al. Urinary biomarkers for the early diagnosis of kidney cancer. Mayo Clinic Proc 2010; 85(5): 413–421.
46. Kim K, Aronov P, Zakharkin S et al. Urine metabolomics analysis for kidney cancer detection and biomarker discovery. Mol Cell Proteomics 2009; 8(3): 558–570.
Labels
Paediatric urologist UrologyArticle was published in
Urological Journal
2011 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
- PROSTATE CANCER PREDICTION BASED ON PCA3 EVALUATION
- RENAL CANCER EARLY DETECTION, THE ROLE OF TUMOUR MARKERS IN FURTHER DIAGNOSTIC, THERAPEUTIC AND PROGNOSTIC STRATEGY
- SURGICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE RENAL CANCER WITH THE TUMOR THROMBUS IN THE VENOUS SYSTEM T3B AND T3C
- COMBINATION THERAPY OF BENIGN PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA – CLINICAL APLLICATIONS