Management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer
Authors:
J. A. Witjes
Published in:
Urol List 2008; 6(2): 25-31
Overview
Objective:
review management of BCG failures in superficial bladder cancer.
Method:
Search from published literature and meeting abstracts.
Results:
BCG failures are not a uniform group of patients. Failure cannot be predicted but high-risk patients can be identified. In case of failure and progression the outcome is bad. Conservative but investigative alternatives are BCG/IFNα, intravesical hyperthermia/chemotherapy or photodynamic therapy. Standard treatment in failing patients remains cysto-prostatectomy..
Conclusion:
BCG failures need careful and individualized therapy in experienced hands.
Key words:
superficial bladder cancer, BCG, failure
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