Specifics of ovarian cancer in patients with BRCA mutations: PARP Inhibitor Treatment in Ovarian and Breast Cancer

Czech version

Authors: Jana Halámková ^1,2; Katarína Petráková ¹; Jiří Tomášek ¹; Igor Kiss ¹
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika komplexní onkologické péče LF MU a Masarykův onkologický ústav Brno, přednosta prof. MUDr. Rostislav Vyzula, CSc. ¹; Ústav lékařské etiky LF MU, Brno, vedoucí ústavu doc. Mgr. Josef Kuře, Dr. phil. ²
Published in: Prakt Gyn 2014; 18(1): 54-59
Category: Oncogynecology: Review Article

Overview

Relationship BRCA germline mutations to the incidence of ovarian cancer is well known. The lifetime risk of development ovarian cancer is among BRCA1 gene mutation carriers 60 % and of BRCA2 gene mutation carriers around 10–20 %. The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 belong to group of reparation genes, which participates in the repair of the DNA strand breaks by homologous recombination. Mutation in these cases leads to failure of DNA repair. Ovarian tumors in patients with BRCA mutations are relatively uniform behavior, characterized by higher response rates to platinum-based chemotherapy in the first as well as the other lines of treatment, longer survival, and usually high-grade serous carcinoma histology. In patients with ovarian or breast cancer, due to particularity of mutations in the BRCA genes 1 and 2, new molecules especially inhibitors of poly (ADP- ribose) polymerase (PARP), gets to forefront of the treatment. Inhibition of PARP activity in tumor cells with BRCA mutations leads to the suppression of the ability of DNA repair and improves the effect of cytotoxic treatment, but PARP inhibitors are also effective in monotherapy.

Key words:
BRCA – poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors – iniparib – ovarian cancer – niraparib – olaparib – PARP – rucaparib – veliparib

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