Hypercapnic respiratory failure – review

Czech version

Authors: Martin Vykopal ¹; Jan Mizera ¹; Petr Jakubec ¹; Samuel Genzor ^1,2; Pavol Pobeha ³
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika plicních nemocí a tuberkulózy LF UP a FN Olomouc ¹; Centrum digitálního zdravotnictví LF UP a FN Olomouc ²; Klinika pneumológie a ftizeológie LF UPJŠ a UNLP Košice ³
Published in: Čas. Lék. čes. 2023; 162: 13-18
Category: Review Article

Overview

This review summarizes the issue of acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Acute respiratory failure is a condition in which the respiratory system is unable to fulfill its basic function, i.e. enriching the blood with oxygen and excreting carbon dioxide. Chronologically, we divide it into acute and chronic, and according to the manifestation into hypoxemic or hypoxemic with hypercapnia. Multiple factors, such as reduced ventilation and increased dead space, contribute to the development of hypoxemic-hypercapnic (global) respiratory failure. Both the patient's clinical presentation and laboratory examination of blood gases and acid-base balance (preferably from arterial blood) are used for diagnosis. In the absence of contraindications, non-invasive ventilation is used to establish normocapnia.

Keywords:

Respiratory failure – hypercapnia – noninvasive ventilation

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