Calcitonin and his role in regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism
Authors:
Petr Broulík
Authors‘ workplace:
Univerzita Karlova v Praze, 1. lékařská fakulta, III. interní klinika VFN
Published in:
Čas. Lék. čes. 2010; 149: 285-287
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Calcitonin is 32 amino acids polypeptide whose primary function is to inhibit osteoclasts activated bone resorption. In mammals calcitonin is secreted in the thyroid gland by specialized cells called C cells which have embryonic origin in ultimobranchial bodies. C cells are about 0.1% of the mass of thyroid gland. To achieve hypocalcemic effect all 32 amino acids are necessary. From thyroid gland calcitonin is released namely by calcium and magnesium. Calcitonin decreases bone resorption which can be demonstrated in vivo and in vitro. Calcitonin is used to treat osteoporosis and algodystrophic syndrome. In the PROOF study was given salmon calcitonin at a dose 200 units daily for 5 years. In this dose spine bone density increased about 1.5%, however; there was no significant increase of bone density in the hip. Administration of nasal spray of calcitonin in a study PROOF reduced the risk of new fracture by 36% compared to placebo. Intracranially calcitonin acts as a neurotransmitter. According to the predominant view, calcitonin protects the skeleton under conditions of increased calcium demand during growth, pregnancy and lactation. Calcitonin is also important tumor marker of thyroid carcinoma.
Key words:
calcitonin, osteoporosis, medullary carcinoma of thyroid gland marker.
Sources
1. Kumar MA. Further evidence for calcitonin a rapid acting hormone which lowers plasma calcium. Lancet l963; 2: 480–482.
2. Struthers AD, Brown MJ, MacDonald DWR. Human CGRP: A potent endogenous vasodilator in man. Clin Sci 1986; 790: 389–392.
3. Blahoš J. Kalcitonin a fosfokalciový metabolismus.Jeho fyziologický a klinický význam. Praha: Avicenum 1974.
4. Austin, LA, Heath H. III. Physiology and pathophysiology of calcitonin. N Engl J Med 1981; 304: 269–278.
5. Blahoš J, Zamrazil V. Endokrinologie – interdisciplinární obor. Praha: Triton 2006; 112–114.
6. Moonga BS, Alam AS, Bevis PJ. Regulation of cytosolic free calcium in isolated osteoclasts by calcitonin. J Endocrinol 1992; l32: 241–249.
7. Chambers TJ, Hall TJ. Cellular and molecular mechanisms in the regulation and function of osteoclasts. Vitam Horm 1991; 46: 41–50.
8. Blahoš J, Care AD, Sommerville A. The effect of betamethazone on duodenal calcium absorption and 1,25‑dihydroxyvitamine D production in the chick. Horm metab Res 1983; 15: 197–200.
9. Buclin, T, Randin JP, Jacquet AF. The effect of rectal and nasal administration of salomon calcitonin in normal subjects. Calcif Tissue Int 1987; 41: 252–254.
10. Wimalawansa SJ. Amylin.calcitonin gene-related peptide, calcitonin and adrenomedulin a peptide superfamily. Crit Rev Neurobiol 1997; 11: 167–175.
11. Yoshimura M. Analgesic mechanism of calcitonin. J Bone Miner Metab 2000; 18: 230–233.
12. Silverman SL,Azria M. The analgesic role of calcitonin following osteoporotic fracture. Osteoporosis Int 2002; 13: 858–867.
13. Chesnut CH, Silverman S, et al. A randomized trial of nasal spray calcitonin in postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis. The prevent recurrence of osteoporotic Fracture study. Am J Med 2000; 109: 267–276.
14. Cummings SR, Chapurlat RD. What PROOF proves about calcitonin and clinical trials. Am J Med 2000; 109: 330–331.
15. Chesnut CH, Majumdar S, et al. Effects of salmon calcitonin on trabecular microarchitecture as determined by magnetic resonance imaging: results from the QUEST study. J Bone Miner Res 2005; 20: 1548–1561.
16. Tanko LB, Bagger YZ, et al. Safety and efficacy of a novel salmon calcitonin technology based on oral formulation in healthy postmenopausal women.Acute and 3 month effect on biomarkers of bone turnover. J Bone Miner Res 2004; 19: 1531–1538.
17. Muller B, Becker KL, Schachinger H, et al. Calcitonin precursors are reliable markers of sepsis in medical intensive care units. Crit Care Med 2000; 28: 977–983.
18. Sato K, Hirata Y, Imai T. Characterization of immunoreactive adrenomedullin in human plasma and urine. Life Science 1995; 57: 189–194.
19. Blahoš J. Osteoporóza. Praha: Galén 1996.
20. Azria M, Copp DH, Zanelli JM. 25 years of salomon calcitonin: from synthesis to therapeutic use. Calcif Tissue Int 1995; 57: 405–408.
Labels
Addictology Allergology and clinical immunology Angiology Audiology Clinical biochemistry Dermatology & STDs Paediatric gastroenterology Paediatric surgery Paediatric cardiology Paediatric neurology Paediatric ENT Paediatric psychiatry Paediatric rheumatology Diabetology Pharmacy Vascular surgery Pain management Dental HygienistArticle was published in
Journal of Czech Physicians
Most read in this issue
- Acoustic neuroma – vestibular schwannoma – personal experience of up-to-date management
- Calcitonin and his role in regulation of calcium-phosphate metabolism
- Beta-blockers in flow of time – view of an anaesthesiologist and intensivist
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a subclinical inflammation