Non-small cell lung cancer

Czech version

Authors: Jana Skřičková; Bohdan Kadlec; Ondřej Venclíček
Authors‘ workplace: Klinika nemocí plicních a TBC LF MU a FN Brno, pracoviště Bohunice
Published in: Vnitř Lék 2017; 63(11): 861-874
Category: Reviews

Overview

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents 80 % of diseases considering all patients with lung cancer. NSCLC comprises all histological types except for the small cell cancer. The treatment is chosen based on a clinical stage, morphological diagnosis and performance status of patients. In the low clinical stages a surgical solution is indicated. An alternative is radiotherapy. In some cases adjuvant treatment is indicated. In the locally advanced and metastatic stages chemotherapy and biological therapies are available and in recent time also immunotherapy is used. With regard to locally advanced diseases radiotherapy should also be considered.

Key words:
biological treatment – chemotherapy – immunotherapy – therapy – non-small cell lung cancer

Sources

1. Dušek L, Malúšková D, Mužík J et al. Epidemiologie zhoubných nádorů plic, průdušnice a průdušek v České republice. Onkologická Revue 2016; 3(8): 7–11.

2. Moulis M. Morfologická diagnostika karcinomu plic. In: Skřičková J, Kolek V et al. Základy moderní pneumoonkologie. Maxdorf: Praha 2012. ISBN 978–80–7345–298–8.

3. Giroux DJ, Rami-Porta R, Chansky K et al. The IASLC Lung Cancer Staging Project: data elements for the prospective project. J Thorac Oncol 2009; 4(6): 679–683. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e3181a52370>.

4. Skřičková J, Kolek V et al. Základy moderní pneumoonkologie. Maxdorf: Praha 2012. ISBN 978–80–7345–298–8.

5. Skřičková J, Venclíček O, Kadlec B et al. Nemalobuněčný karcinom plic, Postgraduální medicína 2016; 18(Suppl 1): 21–27.

6. Sculier J, Pand Moro-Sibilot D. First-and second-line therapy for advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer. Eur Respir J 2009; 33(4): 915–930. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00132008>.

7. Ginsberg RJ. Lung Cancer. BC Decker Hamilton: London 2002. ISBN 978–1550092950.

8. Pallis AG, Gridelli C, Wedding U et al. Management of elderly patients with NSCLC; updated expert’s opinion paper: EORTC Elderly Task Force, Lung Cancer Group and International Society for Geriatric Oncology. Ann Oncol 2014; 25(7): 1270–1283. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annonc/mdu022>.

9. Lien K, Georgsdottir S, Sivanathan L et al. Low-dose metronomic chemotherapy: a systematic literature analysis. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49(16): 3387–3395. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2013.06.038>.

10. Yang JCH, Schuler M, Yamamoto N et al. LUX-Lung 3: a randomized, open-label, Phase III study of afatinib vs cisplatin/pemetrexed as 1st-line treatment for patients with advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung harboring EGFR-activating mutations. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30(Suppl; abstr LBA7500).

11. Wu Y, Zhou C, Hu C et al. LUX-Lung 6: A randomized, open-label, Phase III study of afatinib (A) vs. gemcitabine/cisplatin (GC) as first-line treatment for Asian patients (pts.) with EGFR mutation-positive (EGFR M+) advanced adenocarcinoma of the lung. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31(15 Suppl): Abstr 8016. Dostupné z WWW: <http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.8016>

12. Mok TS, Wu YI, Ahn MJ et al. Osimertinib or platinum-pemetrexed in EGFR T790M-positive lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2017; 376(7): 629–640. Dostupné z DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1612674>.

13. Reck M. Nintedanib (BIBF 1120) plus docetaxel in NSCLC patients progressing after first-line chemotherapy: LUME Lung 1, a randomized, double-blind phase III trial. 2013 ASCO Annual Meeting. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31(Suppl): Abstr LBA8011. Dostupné z WWW: <https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/83807/abstract>.

14. Hanna N. LUME-Lung 2: A multicentre, randomized, double-blind, Phase III study of nintedanib plus pemetrexed vs. placebo plus pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after failure of first-line chemotherapy. ASCO Annual Meeting, Chicago, June 2, 2013. J Clin Oncol 2013; 31(Suppl): Abstr 8034. Dostupné z WWW: <https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/81165/abstract>.

15. Perol M, Ciuleanu TE, Arrieta O et al. REVEL: A randomized, double-blind, phase III study of docetaxel (DOC) and ramucirumab (RAM; IMC-1121B) versus DOC and placebo (PL) in the second-line treatment of stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following disease progression after one prior platinum-based therapy. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:5S(Suppl): Abstr LBA8006.Dostupné z WWW: <https://meetinglibrary.asco.org/record/92344/abstract>.

16. Shaw AT, Solomon B. Targeting anaplastic lymphoma kinase in lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2011; 17(8): 2081–2086. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078–0432.CCR-10–1591>.

17. Shaw AT, Kim DW, Mehra R et al. Ceritinib in ALK-Rearranged Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2014 March 27; 370(13): 1189–1197. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa1311107>.

18. Paz-Ares L, de Marinis F, Dediu M et al. Maintenance therapy with pemetrexed plus best supportive care versus placebo plus best supportive care after induction therapy with pemetrexed plus cisplatin for advanced non-squamous non-small-cell lung cancer (PARAMOUNT): a double-blind, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncol 2012; 13(3): 247–255. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470–2045(12)70063–3>.

19. Hirsch FR, Spreafico A, Novello S et al. The prognostic and predictive role of histology in advanced non-small cell lung cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2008; 3(12): 1468–1481. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/JTO.0b013e318189f551>.

20. Kelly RJ, Gulley JL, Giaccone G. Targeting the immune system in non-small cell lung cancer: bridging the gap between promising concept and therapeutic reality. Clin Lung Cancer 2010; 11(4): 228–237. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3816/CLC.2010.n.029>.

21. Fong L, Small EJ. Anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 antibody: the first in an emerging class of immunomodulatory antibodies for cancer treatment. J Clin Oncol 2008; 26(32): 5275–5283. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2008.17.8954>.

22. Al-Shibli KI, Donnem T, Al-Saad S et al. Prognostic effect of epithelial and stromal lymphocyte infiltration in non-small cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2008; 14(16): 5220–5227. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1078–0432.CCR-08–0133>.

23. Kawai O, Ishii G, Kubota K et al. Predominant infiltration of macrophages and CD8+ T cells in cancer nests is a significant predictor of survival in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer 2008; 113(6): 1387–1395. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.23712>.

24. Lynch TJ, Bondarenko I, Luft A et al. Ipilimumab in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin as first-line treatment in stage IIIB/IV non-small cell lung cancer: results from a randomized, double-blind, multicenter Phase II study. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30(17)(: 2046–2054. <http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2011.38.4032>.

25. Maker AV, Attia P, Rosenberg SA. Analysis of the cellular mechanism of antitumor responses and autoimmunity in patients treated with CTLA-4 blockade. J Immunol 2005; 175(11): 7746–7754.

26. Spigel DR, Reckamp KL, Rizvi N et al. A phase III study (CheckMate 017) of nivolumab (NIVO; anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1)) vs docetaxel (DOC) in previously treated advanced or metastatic squamous (SQ) cell non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). J Clin Oncol 2015; 33(18 Suppl): Abstr 8009. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2015.33.18_suppl.lba109>.

27. Reck M, Rodríguez-Abreu D, Robinson AG et al. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy for PD-L1-positive non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2016; 375(19): 1823–1833.

28. Garassino MC, Rizvi N, Besse B et al. Atezolizumab as 1L therapy for advanced NSCLC in PD-L1-selected patients: Updated ORR, PFS and OS data from the BIRCH study. 2016 World Conference on Lung Cancer. Abstract OA03.02. Presented December 5, 2016. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12(1 Suppl): S251–S252. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.239>.

29. Schmerl RA. Toxicity of checkpoint inhibitors. Chin Clin Oncol 2014; 3(3): 31. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.3978/j.issn.2304–3865.2014.08.03>.

30. Lakomý R., Poprach A. Nežádoucí účinky moderní imunoterapie a jejich řešení v klinické praxi. Klin Onkol 2015; 28(Suppl 4): 4S103–4S114.

31. Mok TS, Wu YL, Ahn MJ et al. Osimertinib or Platinum-Pemetrexed in EGFR T790M-Positive Lung Cancer. N Engl J Med 2017; 376(7): 629–640. Dostupné z DOI: .

32. Papadimitrakopoulou VA, Wu YL, Ahn MJ et al. Randomized Phase III Study of Osimertinib vs Platinum-Pemetrexed for EGFR T790M-Positive Advanced NSCLC (AURA3). PL03.03. J Thorac Oncol 2017; 12(1 Suppl): S5–S6. Dostupné z DOI: <http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jtho.2016.11.006>.