Coronavirus infection within senior people – The immunologist’s view
Authors:
doc. MUDr. Pavlína Králíčková, Ph.D.
Authors‘ workplace:
Ústav klinické imunologie a alergologie, FN Hradec Králové
Published in:
Geriatrie a Gerontologie 2020, 9, č. 2: 61-65
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Virus SARS-CoV-2 is a cause pathogen of covid-19 disease. The age represents an independent risk factor for prognosis. A key role play immunosenescence and cumulating comorbidities. In relation to covid-19 infection should be highlighted factors such as weakening of mucosal barrier, decreased response to Toll-like receptors stimulation, NK cells decline with limited interferon gamma production, deterioration of specific immunity to new antigenic challenge and leaning towards more intensive proinflammatory response.
Keywords:
COVID-19 – immunosenescence – aging – ACE2
Sources
1. Rabi FA, Al Zoubi MS, Kasasbeh GA, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and Coronavirus Disease 2019: What We Know So Far. Pathogens 2020;9(3): doi:10.3390/pathogens9030231.
2. ČLK / Pro lékaře / Informace / Doporučený postup SIL ČLS JEP léčby pacientů s prokázanou infekcí COVID 19 (Internet). (cited 2020 Apr 17). Available from: https://www.lkcr.cz/informace-262.html?do%5bloadData%5d=1&itemKey=cz_100062.
3. Nikolich-Zugich J, Knox KS, Rios CT, et al. SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 in older adults: what we may expect regarding pathogenesis, immune responses, and outcomes. Geroscience 2020; DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00186-0.
4. Chen L, Li X, Chen M, at al. The ACE2 expression in human heart indicates new potential mechanism of heart injury among patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cardiovasc Res 2020; DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa078.
5. Li X, Geng M, Peng Y, et al. Molecular immune pathogenesis and diagnosis of COVID-19. J Pharm Anal 2020;DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2020.03.001.
6. Krejsek J, Andrýs C, Krčmová I. Imunologie člověka. Garamon, s. r. o., 1. vydání, Hradec Králové, 2016.
7. Li G, Fan Y, Lai Y, et al. Coronavirus infections and immune responses. J Med Virol 2020;92(4):424–32.
8. Qin C, Zhou L, Hu Z, et al. Dysregulation of immune response in patients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China. Clin Infect Di 2020; DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciaa248.
9. Zheng M, Gao Y, Wang G, et al. Functional exhaustion of antiviral lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients. Cell Mol Immunol 2020;DOI: 10.1038/s41423-020-0402-2.
10. Wang F, Nie J, Wang H, et al. Characteristics of peripheral lymphocyte subset alteration in COVID-19 pneumonia. J Infect Dis 2020; DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa150.
11. Ventura MT, Casciaro M, Gangemi S, et al.. Immunosenescence in aging: between immune cells depletion and cytokines up-regulation. Clin Mol Allergy 2017;15:21.
12. Haynes L, Eaton SM, Burns EM, et al. CD4 T cell memory derived from young naive cells functions well into old age, but memory generated from aged naive cells functions poorly. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2003;100(25):15053–8.
13. Krejsek J, Kopecký O. Klinická imunologie. 1. vyd. Hradec Králové: Nucleus HK, 2004
14. Vallejo AN. CD28 extinction in human T cells: altered functions and the program of T-cell senescence. Immunol Rev 2005;205:158–69.
15. Bailey KL, Smith LM, Heires AJ, et al. Aging leads to dysfunctional innate immune responses to TLR2 and TLR4 agonists. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019;31(9):1185–93.
16. Weksler ME, Szabo P. The effect of age on the B-cell repertoire. J Clin Immunol 2000;20(4):240–9.
17. Gibson KL, Wu Y-C, Barnett Y, et al. B-cell diversity decreases in old age and is correlated with poor health status. Aging Cell 2009;8(1):18–25.
18. Salazar N, Arboleya S, Fernández-Navarro T, et al. Age-Associated Changes in Gut Microbiota and Dietary Components Related with the Immune System in Adulthood and Old Age: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2019;11(8). DOI: 10.3390/nu11081765.
19. Splunter MV, Perdijk O, Fick-Brinkhof H, et al. Plasmacytoid dendritic cell and myeloid dendritic cell function in ageing: A comparison between elderly and young adult women. PloS One 2019; 14(12): e0225825.
20. Wikby A, Nilsson B-O, Forsey R, et al. The immune risk phenotype is associated with IL-6 in the terminal decline stage: findings from the Swedish NONA immune longitudinal study of very late life functioning. Mech Ageing Dev 2006;127(8):695–704.
21. Csaba G. Immunity and longevity. Acta Microbiol Immunol Hung 2019;66(1):1–17.
22. Conti P, Younes A. Coronavirus COV-19/SARS-CoV-2 affects women less than men: clinical response to viral infection. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 2020;34(2). DOI: 10.23812
23. Vasanthakumar A, Chisanga D, Blume J, et al. Sex-specific adipose tissue imprinting of regulatory T cells. Nature 2020;579(7800):581–5.
Labels
Geriatrics General practitioner for adults Orthopaedic prostheticsArticle was published in
Geriatrics and Gerontology
2020 Issue 2
Most read in this issue
- Frail patients in long term care institutions
- Coronavirus infection within senior people – The immunologist’s view
- Influence of selected factors on evalution of dignity of older person
- Risks of treatment by dabigatran in seniors with chronic kidney desease