Pleural effusion – an overview of current knowledge
Authors:
K. Brat
Authors‘ workplace:
Klinika nemocí plicních a TBC LF MU a FN Brno
Published in:
Geriatrie a Gerontologie 2018, 7, č. 4: 156-161
Category:
Review Article
Overview
Pleural effusion is a common medical issue, with an incidence of over 100 thousand cases per year in the Czech Republic. Differential diagnosis of pleural effusion involves tens of possible causes and in many patients, correct diagnosis can be a serious problem. Treatment of pleural effusion generally involves methods for evacuation of the effusion and stopping its secretion (including palliative procedures) as well as methods causally treating whatever condition might be behind the effusion in the specific case. The article provides an overview of current knowledge and most commonly used diagnostic-therapeutic options in care for patients with pleural effusion.
Keywords:
Pleural effusion – exsudate – chest drainage – chest sonography – pleuroscopy
Sources
1. Light RW. Pleural effusion. N Engl J Med 2002; 346(25): 1971–1977.
2. Broaddus VC. Physiology: fluid and solute exchange in normal physiological states. In: Light RW, Lee GYC. Textbook of Pleural Diseases, 2nd ed. London: Hodder et Stoughton Ltd 2008: 43–47.
3. Brat K, Čundrle I, Jr. Diagnostika a léčba septovaných pleurálních výpotků. Stud Pneumol Phthiseol 2017; 77(4): 160–168.
4. Davies HE, Davies RJ, Davies CW. BTS Pleural Disease Guideline Group: Management of pleural infection in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax 2010; 65 Suppl 2: 41–53.
5. Sahn AS, Heffner JE. Pleural fluid analysis. In: Light RW, Lee GYC. Textbook of Pleural Diseases, 2nd ed. London: Hodder et Stoughton Ltd 2008: 209–223.
6. Hooper C, LeeYC, Maskell N. BTS Pleural Guideline Group: Investigation of a unilateral pleural effusion in adults: British Thoracic Society Pleural Disease Guideline 2010. Thorax 2010; 65 Suppl 2: 4–17.
7. Rahman NM, Chapman SJ, Davies RJ. Pleural effusion: a structured approach to care. Br Med Bull 2004; 72: 31–47.
8. Marel M, Fila L, Červená M. Diferenciální diagnostika pleurálních výpotků. Vnitř Lék 2016; 62(7–8): 598–604.
9. Koblížek V. Pleurální výpotek. In: Kolek V, Kašák V, Vašáková M, eds. Pneumologie. 2nd ed. Praha: Maxdorf 2014: 350–356.
10. Marel M, Stastny B, Melinova L, et al. Diagnosis of pleural effusions. Experience with clinical studies, 1986 to 1990. Chest 1995; 107(6): 1598–1603.
11. Huggins JT, Sahn SA. Causes and management of pleural fibrosis. Respirology. 2004 9: 441–447.
12. Alemán C, Alegre J, Monasterio J, et al. Association between inflammatory mediators and the fibrinolysis system in infectious pleural effusions. Clin Sci (Lond) 2003; 105: 601–607.
13. Boersma WG, Stigt JA, Smith J. Treatment of haemothorax. Respir Med 2010; 104: 1583–1587.
14. Kurian J, Levin TL, Han BK, et al. Comparison of ultrasound and CT in the evaluation of pneumonia complicated by parapneumonic effusion in children. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2009; 193(6): 1648–1654.
15. Light RW. Parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Proc Am Thorac Soc 2006; 3(1): 75–80.
16. Light RW. A new classification of parapneumonic effusions and empyema. Chest 1995; 108(2): 299–301.
17. Jakubec P, Pelclova D, Smolkova P, et al. Significance of serum mesothelin in an asbestos-exposed population in the Czech Republic. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2015; 159(3): 472–479.
18. Shaw JA, Irusen EM, Diacon AH, Koegelenberg CF. Pleural tuberculosis: A concise clinical review. Clin Respir J 2018; 12(5): 1779–1786.
19. Esmadi M, Lone N, Ahmad DS, et al. Multiloculated pleural effusion detected by ultrasound only in a critically-ill patient. Am J Case Rep 2013; 14: 63–66.
20. Thommi G, Shehan JC, Robison KL, et al. A double blind randomized cross over trial comparing rate of decortication and efficacy of intrapleural instillation of alteplase vs placebo in patients with empyemas and complicated parapneumonic effusions. Respir Med 2012; 106: 716–723.
21. Lai YF, Su MC, Weng HH, et al. Sonographic septation: a predictor of sequelae of tuberculous pleurisy after treatment. Thorax 2009; 64(9): 806–809.
22. Epstein DM, Kline LR, Albelda SM, Miller WT. Tuberculous pleural effusions. Chest 1987; 91(1): 106–109.
23. Tassi GR, Marchetti GP. Pleural disease: historic perspective. In: Light RW, Lee GYC. Textbook of Pleural Diseases, 2nd ed. London: Hodder et Stoughton Ltd 2008: 1–13.
24. Votruba J, Šimovič J, Košatová K. Klinická pleuroskopie. Stud Pneumol Phthiseol 2009; 69(6): 212–215.
25. Lee P. Thoracoscopy. In: Herth FJF, Shah PL, Gompelmann D, eds. Interventional Pulmonology (ERS Monograph). Sheffield, European Respiratory Society 2017: 176–190.
26. Rahman NM, Maskell NA, Davies CW, et al. The relationship between chest tube size and clinical outcome in pleural infection. Chest 2010; 137(3): 536–543.
27. Votruba J, Zemanová P, Bartáková H, Šimovič J. Tunelizovaný pleurální katétr – nová možnost paliace pleurálních výpotků. Stud Pneumol Phthiseol 2016; 76(1): 26–29.
28. Kastelik JA. Management of malignant pleural effusion. Lung 2013; 191(2): 165–175.
29. Saha, K, Maikap, MK, Maji, et al. Demographic, clinical, biochemical, radiological and etiological characteristics of malignant pleural effusions from Eastern India. Indian J Cancer 2017; 54(1): 257–261.
30. Walker SP, Morley AJ, Stadon L, et al. Nonmalignant pleural effusions: a prospective study of 356 consecutive unselected patients. Chest 2017; 151(5): 1099–1105.
Labels
Geriatrics General practitioner for adults Orthopaedic prostheticsArticle was published in
Geriatrics and Gerontology
2018 Issue 4
Most read in this issue
- Vertebral algic syndrom in the elderly
- Urgent lithium intoxication in geriatric patient
- Pleural effusion – an overview of current knowledge
- Assessing the risk of malnutrition in the elderly- are we using the right screening tool?