The future of nanotechnology in medicine and stomatology

Czech version

Authors: J. Kováč
Authors‘ workplace: Prednosta: doc. MUDr. Peter Stanko, PhD. ; Klinika stomatológie a maxilofaciálnej chirurgie LFUK a OÚSA, Bratislava
Published in: Prakt. Lék. 2012; 92(6): 334-338
Category: Of different specialties

Overview

Nanotechnology, or nanoscience, is a progressive multidisciplinary field, which refers to the research and development of applied science at the atomic, molecular, or macromolecular level. The prefix “nano” is derived from the Greek word for dwarf and is defined as a unit of measurement in which the characteristic dimension is one billionth of a unit. Nanomedicine is the application of nanotechnology in monitoring, diagnosing, preventing, repairing or curing diseases and damaged tissues and of preserving and improving human health through the use of nanoscale-structured materials, nanorobots, biotechnology and genetic engineering. Many medical nanotechnology applications are still in their infancy. Relevant applications are reported in surgery, cancer diagnosis and therapy, biodetection of disease markers, molecular imaging, implant technology, tissue engineering, and devices for drug, protein, gene and radionuclide delivery. An increasing number of nanoproducts are currently under clinical investigation and some products are already commercially available. Recently, new toothpastes, containing bioactive particles of nano-sized hydroxyapatite, which are intended for the repair of initial carious lesions without the requirement for mechanical preparation, are also investigated. The purpose of this article is to present an overview of nanotechnology applications in medicine and dentistry and simultaneously illustrate their potentially far-reaching impacts on clinical practice.

Keywords:
nanotechnology, nanomedicine, nanodentistry, nanomaterials, nanorobots, nanoparticles

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