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Occupational meningitis caused by Streptococcus suis


Authors: K. Boušová 1;  Z. Hermanová 2
Authors‘ workplace: Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy a Fakultní nemocnice v Hradci Králové, 1Klinika nemocí z povolání, Přednosta: doc. MUDr. Jiří Chaloupka, CSc., 2Klinika infekčních nemocí, Přednosta: MUDr. Stanislav Plíšek, Ph. D.
Published in: Prakt. Lék. 2010; 90(7): 430-433
Category: Case Report

Overview

The bacterium Streptococcus suis is a common pathogen in pigs worldwide. It is responsible for a range of diseases in pigs and causes large economic losses in livestock production annually. Individuals that come into contact with sick or infected animals are at risk: primarily pig breeders, veterinarians, vet technicians, butchers and other workers engaged in raw pork processing. Most of these cases are therefore classified as occupational diseases. The bacterium enters the body through a cut/wounds or lesions of the skin or mucosa of the mouth and nasal cavity; infection through intact oropharyngeal mucosa is less common. The disease usually manifests itself clinically as meningitis (septicaemia, pneumonia or endocarditis are rare). The development of toxic shock syndrome is connected with a high mortality rate (overall average of 17 % throughout the world). 75 % of patients with meningitis suffer from permanent hearing loss and vestibular dysfunction. Precise diagnosis of the aetiologic agent is necessary for successful treatment. The most commonly isolated S. suis serotype, type 2, is generally sensitive to penicillin, ampicillin, 2nd and 3rd generation cephalosporins and cotrimoxazol.

The article describes an isolated case of purulent meningitis in the Czech Republic in a young woman working as a pig keeper. The development of audio-vestibular disorder after the acute phase passed led to permanent disability in this patient. Infections caused by S. suis must be taken into account in cases of septicaemia with meningitis in adults with a history of previous contact with pigs or uncooked/undercooked pork. The most important prevention measure against the occurrence of this infection is on-going and responsible personal protection of individuals in risk environments.

Key words:
Streptococcus suis, purulent meningitis, occupational diseases, occupational anthropozoonoses.


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