Disribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotypes and Serogroups Among Patients with Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in the Czech Republic in 1996–2003: Background Data for Vaccination Strategy

Overview

Study objective:
To map distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes and serogroups in the Czech Republic in 1996–2003 in order to provide background data for effective strategy of vaccination with type specific pneumococcal conjugated vaccine.

Methods:
Quellung typing with sera from the Statens Serum Institute (Denmark) was used to differentiate 1553 S. pneumoniae strains isolated from patients with invasive pneumococcal infections in the Czech Republic.

Results:
Strains of serotypes 3, 19F, 9V, 23F, 1, 14 and 4 were most frequently isolated from clinical specimens (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, autopsy specimens, lung puncture aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, sputum) of patients with invasive pneumococcal infections. Some serotypes were detected regardless of patient age (1, 3, 6A, 9V, 14, 19F and 23F), while serotype 6B was most frequent in the age group 0–2 years, serotypes 4, 6B, 7F and 18C were typically found in the age group >2–5 years and types 4, 7F, 8, 9N, 10A and 11Awere common in patients aged >5 years. The 7-valent conjugated pneumococcal vaccine (PNCMR7) covers 63.1 %, 62.3 % and 34.3 % of the serotypes identified in 152 patients aged 0–2 years, 168 patients aged >2–5 years and 1233 patients aged >5 years, respectively. It includes 38.3 % of the serotypes identified among 1055 strains isolated from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and autopsy specimens regardless of patient age. Over the period monitored, the percentage of strains allocated to one of the serotypes included in the vaccine increased from 45.5 % to 70.6 %, from 54.3 % to 38,7 % and from 21.8 % to 38.7 % in patients aged 0–2 years, >2–5 years and >5 years, respectively, and from 30.0 % to 39.4 % for the isolates from blood, cerebrospinal fluid and autopsy specimens. A similar trend was found in the distribution of serogroups. These shifts can also be ascribed to the continuous increase in the percentages of strains of serotypes 4 (from 1.0 % to 8.9 %) and 9N (from 0.0 % to 5.9 %).

Conclusion:
The PNCRM7 vaccine is recommended for use in the Czech Republic in spite of the lower prevalence of vaccination serotypes among strains isolated from Czech patients with invasive pneumococcal infections which is a limitation to its efficacy. Nevertheless, results of the longterm monitoring of serotype distribution in the Czech Republic are suggestive of the need for inclusion of types 1 and 3 in the vaccine in the future.

Key words:
pneumococci – serotypes – serogroups – infections – conjugated pneumococcal vaccine