#PAGE_PARAMS# #ADS_HEAD_SCRIPTS# #MICRODATA#

Preeclampsia and thrombin generation test


Authors: V. Lattová 1;  M. Procházka 1;  J. Procházková 1;  J. Úlehlová 2;  L. Slavík 2;  M. Lubušký 1;  P. Brychtová 3
Authors‘ workplace: Porodnicko-gynekologická klinika LF UP a FN, Olomouc, přednosta prof. MUDr. R. Pilka, Ph. D. 1;  Hemato-onkologická klinika LF UP a FN, Olomouc, přednosta prof. MUDr. K. Indrák, Ph. D. 2;  Baťova nemocnice Zlín 3
Published in: Ceska Gynekol 2013; 78(5): 466-472
Category: Original Article

Overview

Objective:
Acquiring new information to allow prediction of the development of diseases associated with impaired coagulation. Design effective preventive measures most serious diseases (TEN) in the fields of gynecology and obstetrics. For pregnant women with preeclampsia, hypertension compared with women with normal pregnancies could lead to increased thrombin generation due to the synergistic effect of thrombotic risk factors. Based on the results and found statistically significant differences between the groups among pregnant can select for a higher risk of developing deep vein thrombosis. This risk group could then greatly benefit from more stringent follow-up and possible preventive treatment prophylactic doses of LMWH in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Design:
Prospective study.

Setting:
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Olomouc.

Methods:
In early pregnancy – during pregnancy standard samples (up to the end of the first trimester) patients venous blood was sampled and they completed information questionnaire. A second sampling was carried out between 24 to 28 week, the third sample and between 36th to 40th week. Obtained blood samples were subsequently processed in the coagulation laboratory Hemato-Oncology Clinic and Olomouc. The blood samples were investigated protein C and S, antithrombin, FVIII level, FII, Leiden, and plasma endothelial microparticles, and lupus anticoagulant and APC resistance standardized methodologies. Thrombin generation was determined thrombin generation test. Thrombin generation was measured fully automatically using a kit (Technothrombin TGA, Technoclone, Vienna, Austria) and analyzer Ceveron Alpha (Technoclone, Vienna, Austria) with fully automatic analysis software. As the main parameter is evaluated by the maximum thrombin generation, at the same time, however, was also detected in the total amount of thrombin and the time until the beginning of the formation of thrombin.

Results:
In the period 2008–2011 were analyzed blood samples of 303 healthy pregnant women. 215 women, ie 71% were nuliparas, 60 women, ie 19.8% were primiparas, 28 women, 9,2% were secundiparas. The average age of pregnant women was 28.6 years(± 3.8 years). The average maternal weight at the beginning of pregnancy was 63.6 kg (± 7.8 kg). Of the 303 women in 18 (6%) developed slight to moderate degree of preeclampsia or HELLP syndrome with varying severity of clinical manifestations. 20 mothers (6.6%) gave birth prematurely terminated before 37 week of pregnancy. 3 pregnancies (0.9%) were discontinued due to genetic indication for fetal birth defect. The complete study protocol (sampling in all three trimesters) thus completed 280 pregnancies. Of the three evaluated, parameter Lag time, ETP and peak we observed significant differences when comparing physiological pregnancies and pregnancies with preeclampsia (Table 3 and Figure 5-7), the statistical level of p < 0.01. In pregnancies with chronic hypertension, these differences were not significant. Comparison of 18 pregnancies, in which the III. trimester developed preeclampsia with other pregnant with physiological pregnancy did not show statistically significant differences in I. and II. trimester. The results suggest the activation of coagulation through the late stages of pregnancy. Results are influenced by strong clinical variability of disease. In severe and early preeclampsia this activation and significant differences begin much earlier.

Conclusion:
We demonstrated significantly higher activation of thrombin generation in women with preeclampsia [10]. Changes in preeclampsia are characterized by increased generation of thrombin in plasma. This fact may explain the partial success of the clinical use of aspirin in preeclampsia. In the third trimester, during the manifestation of the disease, patients with preeclampsia have significantly higher ETP compared to patients with a normal pregnancies. Pregnant women with chronic hypertension also show a slight increase in the activation of thrombin. However, these results are not statistically significant. Examination of coagulation in the first and second trimester in women who later developed preeclampsia, showed no statistically significant differences and thus can not be used in this case as predictive, but only as a diagnostic test.

Keywords:
thrombin generation test – gravidity – coagulation – preeclampsia


Sources

1. Bertina, RM., Koeleman, BPC, Koester, T., et al. Mutation in blood coagulation factor V associated with resistance to activated protein C. Nature, 1994, 369, p. 64–67.

2. Dahlbėck, B. Physiological anticoagulation. Resistance to activated protein C and venous thromboembolism. J Clin Invest, 1994, 94, p. 923–927.

3. Duchemin, J. Influence of coagulation factors and tissue factor concentration on the thrombin generation test in plasma. Thromb Haemost, 2008, 99, p.767–773.

4. Hemker, HC., Beguin, S. Thrombin generation in plasma: its assessment via the endogenous thrombin potential. Thromb Haemost, 1995, 74, p. 134–138.

5. Hemker, HC., Giesen, P., Al Dieri, R., et al. Calibrated automated thrombin generation measurement in clotting plasma. Pathophysiol Haemost Thromb, 2003, 33, p. 4–15.

6. Chantarangkul, V., Clerici, M., Bressi, C., et al. Thrombin generation assessed as endogenous thrombin potential in patients with hyper- or hypo-coagulability. Haematologica, 2003, 88, p. 547–554.

7. Isermann, B., Sood, R., Pawlinski, R., et al. The thrombomodulin-protein C system is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. Nat Med., 2003, 9(3), p. 331–337.

8. Lewis, SJ., Stephens, E., Florou, G., Macartney, NJ., et al. Measurement of global haemostasis in severe haemophilia A following factor VIII infusion. Brit J Haematol, 2007, 138, p. 775–782.

9. Lockwood, CJ., Huang, SJ., Krikun, G., et al. Decidual-hemostasis, inflammation, and angiogenesis in preeclampsia. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2011, 37(2), p.158–164.

10. Macey, MG., Bevan, S., Alam, L., et al., Platelet activation and endogenous thrombin potential in preeclampsia. Thrombosis Res, 2010, 125, p.76–81.

11. Macfarlane, R., Biggs, R. A thrombin generation test; the application in haemophilia and thrombocytopenia. J Clin Pathol, 1953, 6, p. 3–8.

12. Pitney, WR., Dacie, JV. A simple method of studying the generation of thrombin in recalcified plasma; application in the investigation of haemophilia. J Clin Pathol, 1953, 6, p. 9–14.

13. Poort, SR., Rosendaal, FR., Reitsma, PH., Bertina, RM. A common genetic variation in the 3’-untranslated region of the prothrombin gene is associated with elevated plasma prothrombin levels and an increase in venous thrombosis. Blood, 1996, 88, p. 3698–3703.

14. Šimetka, O., Brychtová, P., Procházková, J., Procházka, M.Laboratorní změny aktivace endotelu u syndromu HELLP. Gynekolog, 2008, 2, s. 48–53.

15. vanVeen, JJ., Gatt, A., Cooper, PC., et al. Between-batch variation of calibrator activity can significantly influence fluorogenic measurement of thrombin generation. J Thromb Haemost, 2006, 4, p. 2514–2516.

18. van Veenn JJ., Gatt A., Cooper, PC., et al. Corn trypsin inhibitor in fluorogenic thrombin generation measurements is only necessary at low tissue factor concentrations and influences the relationship between FVIII:C and thrombogram parameters. Blood Coagulation & Fibrinolysis, 2008, 19, p. 183–189.

Labels
Paediatric gynaecology Gynaecology and obstetrics Reproduction medicine
Topics Journals
Login
Forgotten password

Enter the email address that you registered with. We will send you instructions on how to set a new password.

Login

Don‘t have an account?  Create new account

#ADS_BOTTOM_SCRIPTS#