Cesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy

Overview

Objective:
To present our clinical experience with cases of ectopic implantation in the uterine scar of a prior cesarean section and to analyse current articles with this topic. The authors experienced two cases of cesarean scar pregnancy with different clinical management and outcome.

Design:
Review article, case report.

Setting:
Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, Prague, Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education, Prague.

Results:
We experienced two cases of cesarean scar pregnancy during the year 2006. Missed abortion in the 12th week of pregnancy was diagnosed in the first patient. During instrumental evacuation of the uterine cavity in the district hospital severe bleeding occured. After transfer to our department abdominal hysterectomy was performed. In the second case early ultrasonographic diagnosis of ectopic nidation was completed. Hysteroscopic evaluation of gestational sac with subsequent instrumental evacuation with ultrasonographic assistance was performed as a fertility saving operation. Subsequent systemic application of methotrexate was indicated after surgery.

Conclusion:
Cesarean scar pregnancy occurs in 1/800 - 1/2216 normal pregnancies. Early sonographic diagnosis enables surgical or medicamentous treatment preserving the fertility of the patient. Late or absent diagnosis of pathological implantation can cause severe uterine bleeding. Treatment options preserving fertility can not be used and hysterectomy is than the only life saving procedure.

Key words:
cesarean section, pregnancy, complication, ectopic pregnancy, bleeding, hysterectomy, ultrasonography, fetomaternal morbidity, hysteroscopy